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Nambu-Jona-Lasinio-like models and the low-energy effective action of QCD

We present a derivation of the low-energy effective action of an extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (ENJL) model to O(p4) in the chiral counting. Two alternative scenarios are considered on how the ENJL model could originate as a low-energy approximation to QCD. The low-energy effective lagrangian we derive includes the usual pseudoscalar Goldstone modes, as well as the lower scalar, vector and axial-vec

Towards a material politics of socio-technical transitions : Navigating decarbonisation pathways in Malmö

As the politics of climate change shift from the design of international institutions to the pursuit of decarbonisation across multiple sites, researchers are increasingly calling attention to the geography and politics of transitions. We suggest that recent work has so far been limited by its rather incongruous focus on power as a capacity held by individual agents on the basis of the resources w

Hadronic matrix elements and the 0 mass difference

We estimate the 0 electromagnetic mass difference within the 1/N expansion approach to hadronic matrix elements. Perturbative QCD and a truncated meson theory describe the high- and low-photon-loop-momentum contributions, respectively. The matching between these complementary pictures for strong interactions is discussed.

A suboptimal array of options erodes the value of CAP ecological focus areas

As a part of the greening of the EU's Common Agricultural Policy in 2013, Ecological Focus Areas (EFA) became mandatory for many European farmers, with the aim to enhance on-farm biodiversity. However, their effects on biodiversity have been disputed. In this interdisciplinary effort, we assessed the effects of current and alternative formulations of EFA regulations in Sweden. By complementing eco

Utvärdering av hur länsstyrelserna i Dalarnas, Gävleborgs och Jämtlands län bidrog till inriktning och samordning under skogsbränderna sommaren 2018

På uppdrag av länsstyrelserna i Dalarna, Jämtland och Gävleborgs län har Avdelningen för Riskhantering och Samhällssäkerhet vid Lunds Universitet utvärderat hur länsstyrelserna hanterade de omfattande skogsbränderna under sommaren 2018. Syftet med utvärderingen har varit att analysera hur länsstyrelserna tillsammans bidrog till inriktning och samordning av samhällets samlade resurser. Med utgångsp

Effect of injection timing on the ignition and mode of combustion in a HD ppc engine running low load

This work aims to study the effect of fuel inhomogeneity on the ignition process and subsequent combustion in a compression ignition Partially Premixed Combustion (PPC) engine using a primary reference fuel (PRF) in low load conditions. Five cases with injection timings ranging from the start of injection (SOI) at -70 crank angle degrees (CAD) to -17 CAD have been studied numerically and experimen

The Emerging Role of Calcium-activated Chloride Channel Regulator 1 in Cancer

Calcium-activated chloride channel regulator 1 (CLCA1) belongs to a group of secreted self-cleaving proteins, which activate calcium-dependent chloride channels. CLCA1 has been shown to participate in the pathogenesis of inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma. Recently, additional functions of CLCA1 have been unveiled, including its metalloprotease property and involvement in mucus homeostasi

Extreme high field plasmonics : Electron acceleration and XUV harmonic generation from ultrashort surface plasmons

Experiments on the excitation of propagating surface plasmons (SPs) by an ultrashort, high intensity laser interaction with grating targets are reviewed. At intensities exceeding 10 19 W cm -2 on target, i.e., in the strongly relativistic regime of electron dynamics, multi-megaelectronvolt electrons are accelerated by the SP field as dense bunches collimated in a near-tangent direction. By the

Collocated observations of cloud condensation nuclei, particle size distributions, and chemical composition

Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentrations alongside with submicrometer particle number size distributions and particle chemical composition have been measured at atmospheric observatories of the Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research InfraStructure (ACTRIS) as well as other international sites over multiple years. Here, harmonized data records from 11 observatories are summarized,

In situ XAS study of the local structure and oxidation state evolution of palladium in a reduced graphene oxide supported Pd(ii) carbene complex during an undirected C-H acetoxylation reaction

In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) investigations have been performed to provide insights into the reaction mechanism of a palladium(ii) catalyzed undirected C-H acetoxylation reaction in the presence of an oxidant. A Pd(ii) N-heterocyclic carbene complex π-stacked onto reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was used as the catalyst. The Pd speciation during the catalytic process was examined by XA

Synthesis, characterisation and crystal structures of the palladium(II) phosphite complexes cis-[PdI2{cis-(iPr2PO)2C 6H10}] and trans-[Pd2I4{cis-(iPr2PO) 2C6H10}2]

Treatment of 2 equiv. of a mixture of the diphosphite cis, trans-1,3-(iPr2PO)2C6H 10 with [Pd(CO2CF3)2] and sequential addition of an excess of NaI gives the binuclear 16-atom ring chelate complex trans-[Pd2I4{cis-(iPr2PO) 2C6H10}2] (1) and the mononuclear complex cis-[PdI2{cis-(iPr2PO)2C 6H10}] (2) exclusively. NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography have unambiguously determined the structure