The effect of prehydrolysis and improved mixing on high-solids batch simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of spruce to ethanol
In the production of ethanol from lignocellulosic material, it is necessary to reach a high ethanol concentration after fermentation. Simply increasing the substrate concentration leads to stirring problems and inhibition of the enzymes and yeast in the process. Batch simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of steam-pretreated spruce with 13.7% water-insoluble solids (WIS) (25% total