Background: Serum protein profiles have been investigated frequently to discover early biomarkers for breast cancer. So far, these studies used biological samples collected at or after diagnosis. This may limit these studies' value in the search for cancer biomarkers because of the often advanced tumor stage, and consequently risk of reverse causality. We present for the first time pre-diagnostic

The Arctic is rapidly transitioning toward a seasonal sea ice-free state, perhaps one of the most apparent examples of climate change in the world. This dramatic change has numerous consequences, including a large increase in air temperatures, which in turn may affect terrestrial methane emissions. Nonetheless, terrestrial and marine environments are seldom jointly analyzed. By comparing satellite

It has been suggested that speakers with an L1 with lexical tones may have an advantage when it comes to perceptually discriminating between different tones in another tone language (Kaan, Wayland, Bao & Barkley, 2007). Other studies in L2-learning show that this is not entirely the case (van Dommelen & Husby 2009, So & Best 2010). A model of typological pitch prominence (Schaefer &

Three efficient routes to 3-azido-3-deoxy-beta-d-galactopyranosides were developed relying on a double inversion protocol at C3. Two of the routes were demonstrated to work with both O- and S-glycosides. In all three routes, the 2-O-acetyl-3-azido-4,6-O-benzylidene-3-deoxy-beta-d-galactopyranosides were obtained by an azide inversion of the key intermediates 2-O-acetyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-3-O-triflu

Substrate and product inhibition of hydrogen production during sucrose fermentation by the extremely thermophilic bacterium Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus was studied. The inhibition kinetics were analyzed with a noncompetitive, nonlinear inhibition model. Hydrogen was the most severe inhibitor when allowed to accumulate in the culture. Concentrations of 5-10 mM H2 in the gas phase ( partial

Data were collected on orthopaedic surgical interventions during the 5 years after surgery, for 35 consecutive children undergoing selective dorsal rhizotomy. At follow-up, 15 children had been operated in the lower limb. The most frequent procedures were subtalar arthrodesis, Achilles tendon lengthening and adductor tendon lengthening. Children with walking capacity were mostly operated with foot

Observational and longitudinal observational studies (LOS) provide essential information about the course and outcome of rheumatic disorders that cannot be provided by randomized controlled trials, and they constitute the major clinical scientific communication in rheumatology. There has been no consensus as to the full and appropriate content of LOS. This report defines a core set of domains and

In rheumatoid arthritis (RA) erosive joint changes are the dominating cause of chronic disability. In a cohort of patients with RA followed from early stages of the disease, we have observed a much larger prevalence of destructions in hips than in knee joints. The latter were frequently injected with triamcinolone hexacetonide in contrast to the former. In order to elucidate a possible role of loc

Background & Aims: Three pathways control gastric acid secretion: the gastrin-enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell axis, the vagus-parietal cell axis, and the cholecystokinin (CCK)-D cell axis. Mice lacking gastrin or both gastrin and CCK were examined to determine the role of the hormones. Methods: Acid was measured after pylorus ligation, and biopsies from gastrin knockout (KO), gastrin-CCK doub

Modes of propagation of electromagnetic pulses in closed, cylindric waveguides with bi-isotropic fillings are analyzed systematically using complex, time-varying electromagnetic fields. The emphasis is on the circular bi-isotropic waveguide and the bi-isotropic parallel-plate waveguide. For both geometries, seven Volterra integral equations of the second kind, which are to be solved simultaneously

Galanin, a recently discovered neuropeptide, was studied in the rat male and female reproductive tracts by immunocytochemistry and in vitro pharmacology. Nerve fibers containing galanin immunoreactivity were most abundant in the female paracervical tissue, where they surrounded non-immunoreactive ganglion cells. Galanin nerves were also found in the uterus and Fallopian tubes, as well as in the va

It is argued that the Achilles heel of contemporary sociology – and great parts of social science – is a) weak theory development, and b) absence of a meta-theory providing a common platform and a shared goal for its practitioners, fostering cumulativity. A meta-theory called causal realism (a variant of critical realism) is suggested for these purposes. The main tenets and key concepts of realism

Antimicrobial peptides are important effectors of the innate immune system. These peptides belong to a multifunctional group of molecules that apart from their antibacterial activities also interact with mammalian cells and glycosaminoglycans and control chemotaxis, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Here we demonstrate a novel antimicrobial activity of the heparin-binding and cell-binding domain 5 of h

The study describes extraction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from sewage sludge by applying enzymes and enzymes combined with sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP). Additionally, a systematic study of two non-enzymatic extraction agents is described. The assessment of the released products is made by colorimetrical methods and polysaccharides/glycoconjugates identification by the interactio

Aim: To evaluate the characteristics, outcome and prognostic factors among children suffering from out of hospital cardiac arrest in Sweden. Methods: Patients aged below 18 years suffering from out of hospital cardiac arrest which were not crew witnessed and included in the Swedish cardiac arrest registry were included in the survey. This survey included the period 1990-2001 and 60 ambulance organ