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Nowadays, excessive congestion has become a pressing issue for many large cities. Traffic congestion is one of the main sources of air pollutants. A congestion tax is a priced-based policy instrument, aimed to reduce congestion and improve air quality in inner city areas. Revenue from the congestion tax is used for investments in public transport and a better road system in the city. In Sweden, a

The European Union is often characterised as a normative power; an actor that is driven by values and principles such as democracy, liberty, peace and the rule of law. This thesis investigates whether the European Union perceives itself as such through a qualitative case study of how the EU perceives its role in Africa. It utilises role theory – in the form of a typology of national role conceptio

The covid-19 pandemic has left an irreversible impact of an immense magnitude on the world. Over six million people have died after contracting the virus, and millions more are grieving and living with the aftermath of a loss of a family member. In Europe, countries have chosen different ways to tackle and curb the spread of the virus with varying degree of success, In order to save lives, complia

The way in which the Mughal rulers Akbar and Aurangzeb are commonly represented perpetuates a misleading and occasionally dangerous depiction. Akbar is described as a liberal and tolerant leader, whose only goal was to bring eternal peace to Hindus and Muslims. Aurangzeb on the other hand is characterized as a dogmatic and fiercly conservative Muslim whose main objective was the subjugation and ha

This thesis unpacks the similarities and dissimilarities between Connecting Europe and Asia – Building blocks for an EU Strategy from 2018 and the Global Gateway from 2021, two Joint Communications from the European Commission and the EEAS on connectivity. The comparison shows that the Global Gateway has followed up on the suggestions for change or creation from the 2018 strategy. It shows that th

This study aims to investigate a potential convergence between the Green and Liberal parties of Europe regarding cultural issues of the GAL-TAN-scale, such as the environmental issue in particular. The focus on this issue is inspired by the increased debate and focus on the issue in relation to the 2019 European Parliament elections and by the theory of issue entrepreneuring strategies of the Gree

This thesis seeks to investigate how the EU member states react to the occurrence of an internal crisis within the EU. More specifically, how a European identity gets either strengthened or weakened by experiencing challenges. When addressing a European identity, this thesis works with the term of “belonging”, an attachment to something greater when defining the concept of European identity. Throu

Seaweed along the Swedish coast contains both proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals, and could be part of the food supply of the future. It could also be described as climate smart as seaweed does not need to be watered, fertilized, or take up land for cultivation. One of the problems with the intention of consuming the seaweed is its potentially high content of heavy metals. This work has focused

Information on maternal and fetal/child health outcomes is essential in order to improve pregnancy surveillance, clinical management during pregnancy and delivery, and thereby health outcomes. Umeå University, Lund University, University of Gothenburg together with University of Rwanda have collaborated in creating and implementing a Rwandan Medical Birth Register (MBR). This study aimed to invest

As the environmental and social challenges humanity faces are intertwined, a holistic policy approach is needed to bring operations into the ecologically safe and socially just space (SJS). Degrowth has been presented as a means for high-income countries to reach the SJS. In this thesis I use a mixed methods approach of statistical analysis to identify the gaps that OECD countries face when it com

The purpose of this degree essay is to explore the processes of subjectification and objectification of four different female characters as consequences of contact with an ominous element. Some of the characters experience the ominous from an outside perspective and others through the character itself personifying the ominous element. The exploration begins with two stories by Emilia Pardo Bazán,

This thesis examines how perpetrators of misogynistic mass murder utilise narrative and storytelling to make meaning of their violent acts towards women. This thesis is hereby an attempt to understand gendered mass violence, and its narrative resources that precede and promote such actions, as part of a wider, misogynist culture centered on a denial of the existence of patriarchal societies and op

Syftet med detta arbete är att se om det är möjligt att servera fårkött i de offentliga köken och vilka vinster det kan ge. Årligen inhandlas livsmedel för cirka 10 miljarder kronor till de offentliga köken. Det ställs höga krav på vilka val som görs vid inköp av livsmedel till de offentliga köken avseende bland annat hållbarhet och produktion. Fårkött är ett livsmedel som inte finns att köpa f

The current conventional food system is ecologically and socially damaging, as unsustainable production patterns change people’s relationship to food. Alternative Food Networks (AFNs) have been proposed as a potential solution to the problem. This study investigates the relationship between AFNs and social sustainability in Skåne in order to provide policy suggestions on how to develop this interp

The unusual conditions that prevailed during the last couple of years set the ground for an unprecedented boost in the global agenda of sustainability. This situation has resulted into a growing wave of new organisations that are tackling the main social and environmental challenges of our time while turning them into profitable and innovative business solutions. Communication practitioners workin

We examine the effect of natural resource shocks on violence by drug cartels at the municipality level in rural Mexico from 2003 to 2017. For this, we use an Instrumental Variable setup by instrumenting our main explanatory variable vegetation density with rainfall. Vegetation density is an indicator for natural resource shocks and reflects the “greenness" in a particular area which is consid