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A condensed treatment of conventional beam physics (both linear and nonlinear) is given for the non-expert; this constitutes a minimum knowhow for constructing simulations of rudimentary beamlines. The criteria for an ideal nonlinear charged-particle simulation algorithm are then presented, leading to the derivation of a symplectic, explicit, Lorentz-covariant integrator.Space charge (inter-particA condensed treatment of conventional beam physics (both linear and nonlinear) is given for the non-expert; this constitutes a minimum knowhow for constructing simulations of rudimentary beamlines. The criteria for an ideal nonlinear charged-particle simulation algorithm are then presented, leading to the derivation of a symplectic, explicit, Lorentz-covariant integrator.Space charge (inter-partic

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that atrial fibrillation of recent onset in man is based on a varying number of simultaneously present activation waves reentering either themselves or each other. In the present study, right atrial activation during chronic atrial fibrillation in man was studied. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 16 patients with chronic atrial fibrillation multiple epicardial record

The topic of social equity in transport planning has been dealt with, in particular, by authorssuch as Martens (2012) and Martens and Golob (2012) using a social justice based-approach. However,such an approach, whilst valuable and analytically rigorous (based as it is on accessibility modelling),does not consider a wide range of possible other social impacts of transport, as set out in a framewor

Background: Delayed cord clamping (DCC) is associated with an improved iron status at 8 months, a reduction of anemia at 12 months, and an improved development at 4 years. Assessment of the development after DCC has not been performed earlier in a setting with a high prevalence of iron deficiency. Objective: The aim of this paper was to investigate the effects of DCC compared to early cord clampin

Objectives: Iron deficiency anemia in childhood is a serious public health problem worldwide. Reticulocyte hemoglobin content (Ret-He) is a novel biomarker of iron deficiency adopted for adults but there is a lack of reference intervals for Ret-He in infants. The aim of this study was to provide data from healthy infants. Methods: Swedish infants (n = 456), born at term after normal pregnancies we

OBJECTIVE: Delayed umbilical cord clamping (DCC) (≥ 60 s) is recognized to improve iron status and neurodevelopment compared to early umbilical cord clamping. The aim of this study is to identify current umbilical cord clamping practice and factors determining the timing of clamping in a low-resource setting where prevalence of anemia in infants is high.RESULTS: A cross-sectional study design incl

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a valuable stem cell source used for transplantation. Immediate umbilical cord (UC) clamping is widely practised, but delayed UC clamping is increasingly advocated to reduce possible infant anaemia. The aim of this study was to investigate an intermediate UC clamping time point and to evaluate iron status at the age of 4 months in infants who

Objective: To investigate the effects of delayed umbilical cord clamping, compared with early clamping, on infant iron status at 4 months of age in a European setting. Design: Randomised controlled trial. Setting: Swedish county hospital. Participants: 400 full term infants born after a low risk pregnancy. Intervention: Infants were randomised to delayed umbilical cord clamping (≥180 seconds after

IMPORTANCE Delayed umbilical cord clamping has been shown to improve iron stores in infants to 6 months of age. However, delayed cord clamping has not been shown to prevent iron deficiency or anemia after 6 months of age. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of delayed umbilical cord clamping, compared with early clamping, on hemoglobin and ferritin levels at 8 and 12 months of age in infants at h

The objective for this study was to investigate whether the postural control adaptation during galvanic stimulation of the vestibular nerve were similar to that found during vibration stimulation to the calf muscles. A method for adaptation analysis was used to analyze the evoked changes of posture, stimulus responses and the motion dynamics. The adaptive adjustments of postural control were simil

Respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary fibrosis, result in severely impaired quality of life and impose significant burdens on healthcare systems worldwide. Current disease management involves pharmacologic interventions, oxygen administration, reduction of infections, and lung transplantation in advanced disease stages. An increasing understanding of mec