Polymeric anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) with alkali-stable quaternary ammonium (QA) cations are essential components for the development of alkaline membrane fuel cells and water electrolyzers. Ionic loss by β-elimination reactions typically accelerates at low water contents, i.e., high alkali concentrations, which makes QA cations attached to polymer backbones via benzylic sites interesting alt

I denna uppsats analyserar jag den interpersonella metafunktionen i tre faktaböcker för barn som handlar om vikingar. Uppsatsens syfte är att med hjälp av multimodal analys av omtal och tilltal samt kommunikativa handlingar undersöka vilka möjligheter till identifikation och interaktion som erbjuds böckernas läsare. Analysen undersöker huruvida böckernas framställning av sitt innehåll präglas av n

Through the study of the creative practices of young artisans in Palestine, this thesis addresses the symbolic and lived time experiences in the context of settler colonialism. It is based on interviews with seven craftspeople from Ramallah and Jerusalem who practice artistic forms of reproducing and rethinking heritage. It investigates how and why they do what they do on a daily basis, with a foc

Non-fungible tokens (NFT:s) är ett växande tekniskt fenomen som troligen kan bli den framtida marknaden för konst, musik, fotografier och andra konstverk av alla dess former – som dessutom säljer för summor motsvarande prislapparna för fysisk konst. Marknaden är geografiskt flexibel, med en världsspridd klientel och oändliga möjligheter. Även om det finns många positiva aspekter finns det vissa neNon fungible tokens (NFTs) are a growing technological phenomenon that possibly could be the future market for art, music, photographs and other works of art in all shapes and forms – selling for values equivalent to the price tags of physical art. The market is geographically flexible, with a world spread clientele and infinite possibilities. Although many positives, some negatives arise whilst t

Unga lagöverträdare upp till tjugoett år har sedan länge särbehandlats i den svenska straffrätten. Detta kommer främst till uttryck genom den så kallade ungdomsreduktionen i 29 kap. 7 § BrB, vilken bland annat motiveras med unga lagöverträdares outvecklade ansvarsförmåga och större sanktionskänslighet i relation till vuxna. Ungdomsreduktionen slopades delvis den 2 januari 2022 och unga lagöverträdYoung offenders up to twenty-one years of age have during a long time been treated differently in Swedish criminal law. This has mainly been expressed through the, so-called, youth reduction, which applies to young offenders up to twenty-one years of age in general. The youth reduction is motivated by, among other things, young offenders undeveloped ability to take responsibility and the fact that

Expertutlåtanden som bevismedel har blivit ett allt vanligare fenomen i den svenska rättegången. Rättsläkare, forensiker och andra experter uttalar sig om komplexa förhållanden i hopp om att upplysa domare om vilken betydelse en omständighet har. Det är inte alltid en lätt uppgift och mycket kan gå fel på vägen. Syftet med denna undersökning är att kvalitetssäkra vissa aspekter av den rättsmediciExpert witnesses are an increasingly more common phenomena in the Swedish trial. Forensic physicians, forensic scientists and other experts give their opinions on complex matters in the hope that it will help the fact-finder understand certain circumstances. It is a difficult task and a lot can go wrong along the way. The purpose of this investigation is to improve the quality of certain aspects

The last two decades have been marked by pandemics, epidemics and outbreaks of infectious diseases. They have highlighted the challenges and flaws the EU has been standing in front of regarding public health emergency preparedness. Public health officials and scholars have presented the need for more developed coordination, cohesion and communication between the Member States and the EU and its in

Brottsoffers intressen och behov har kommit att uppmärksammas alltmer. Särskilt har uppmärksammats det faktum att brottsoffer ofta orsakas omfattande psykiskt lidande. Våldtäktsbrottet, som regleras i 6 kap 1 § BrB, utgör ett tydligt exempel på ett brott som regelmässigt medför stora psykiska efterverkningar. Uppsatsens har syftat till att klargöra om och hur brottsoffrets psykiska lidande fått Interests and needs of victims of crime have received increased attention in recent years. Particularly, the awareness has risen regarding the extensive psychological harm victims are caused. Rape, which is regulated in 6 ch. 1 § BrB, constitutes a clear example of a crime which frequently entails considerable psychological effects on victims. This essay has aimed to clarify if and how the psych

Förenta nationernas klimatpanel indikerade redan år 1990 att klimatförändringarnas största inverkan kan vara på mänsklig migration. Idag är fenomenet med klimatinducerad migration redan en realitet och det förväntas bli allt mer akut under de kommande åren med miljontals människor på flykt från sina hem och samhällen. Ändå är situationen för klimatflyktingar, en kategori människor som i nuläget saThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicated already in 1990 that the greatest impact of climate change could be on human migration. At present, the phenomenon of climate-induced migration is already a reality and it is expected to become increasingly urgent in the forthcoming years with millions of people displaced from their homes and communities. Yet, the situation of climate

Den svenska samepolitiken präglas av tvetydighet gällande lagstiftning och reformer som har ändamålet att förstärka samernas rättigheter utifrån deras position som ett urfolk. Sverige har valt att ännu inte ratificera ILO-konventionen 169 som skulle förstärka och konkretisera samernas urfolksrättigheter, samtidigt som riksdagen 2022 röstade igenom en konsultationsordning i frågor med särskilt intr

On February 24, 2022, Ukraine was invaded by Russia. This provoked strong reactions from the world and Sweden. In Sweden's perspective, this was the first time since 1939 that Sweden has sent weapons to a state in an ongoing conflict. The conflict between Georgia and Russia in 2008 did not receive the same reactions. In these two conflicts, the reactions differed from each other. Based on

Gender roles and constructions of ideals have long imposed unrealistic expectations on people to behave in certain ways and even be certain types of people. Women, more so, than others. Ideals of womanhood, what it means to be a woman, a good woman, a new woman, have required women to perform who they are at all times. The imaginary of the “New Woman” is only of these ideals that has been around g

In a profit-dominant narrative/world and a commodifying social-ecological system, the interactions between humans, environment and nature show us complex inequity and effects on the interwovenness of human health and the health of the environment. In this study, I aim to depict a different approach to human well-being. For that I lived in a so-called ecovillage named Gaia Terra and studied their w

After the fall of the Soviet Union, two prominent Islamic groups, the IMU in Uzbekistan and the IRPT in Tajikistan, took to arms against their governments. To explain the contexts of these movements, this thesis utilises historical legacy theory to establish a continuity between the Soviet and post-Soviet regimes, which together with relative deprivation theory can explain why violent religious co

Vårdnadsreglerna, framför allt regleringen om gemensam vårdnad, har gjort en omfattande utvecklingsresa från 1970-talet och framåt. Uppsatsen syftar till att belysa, med en rättsdogmatisk metod, vilka förändringar som gjorts och vilket perspektiv som ligger bakom dem. Regleringen har gått från att gemensam vårdnad enbart var aktuellt för gifta föräldrar, till en presumtion om att gemensam vårdnad The Swedish custody regulations can be found in the Children and Parents Code. These rules have gone through a huge development during the modern times. This essay aims to illustrate which changes has been made and the perspectives behind them. The regulation has gone from joint custody for married parents only, to a presumption that joint custody always shall apply and on to that the custody shal

After 9/11, the US had a military presence in Afghanistan for 20 years between 2001 and 2021. However, in 2021 this military presence was terminated amid surging unrest in Afghanistan and the Taliban reclaiming power. This means that the US political administrations have had to explain to Americans why the military presence was necessary and then why it was not necessary anymore. Therefore, this t

Av skuldprincipen följer att ett brott inte föreligger såvida gärningen inte företagits med uppsåt. I uppsåtsrekvisitet ligger ett allmänt krav på medvetenhet. Uppfyllande av detta krav utgör en nödvändighet för att uppsåt ska anses föreligga. Vart gränsen för medvetenhet går har utformats i praxis och doktrin och bedömningen åligger domstolarna. Medvetenhetskravet torde bli särskilt aktuellt i dThe guilt principle means that one cannot be punished for something they are not guilty of. In order to be found guilty one must be considered to be somewhat aware of what they are doing (a sort of ‘awareness requirement’). This requirement constitutes a necessity in order to be found guilty of a crime. The extent of awareness which is required has been embodied as a result of case law and legal d

Införandet av det duala inkomstskattesystemet i Sverige år 1991 innebar även en uppkomst av incitament till inkomstomvandling på grund av den bristande neutraliteten som följer av att marginalskattesatserna för kapitalinkomster och tjänsteinkomster skiljer sig åt. Detta leder till bristande legitimitet och hämmad horisontell samt vertikal rättvisa. 3:12-regelverket syftar till att främja neutralitAlong with the introduction of the Swedish dual income tax system in 1991 incentives for income conversion emerged due to the reduced neutrality following the differentiated marginal tax rates for capital income and earned income. Impaired neutrality consequently leads to reduced legitimacy and hampered horizontal and vertical justice. The purpose of the 3:12-regulation is to improve neutrality an

This study examines the development of affective polarization in Sweden and whether it can be attributed to the political debate changing its focus to new issues. The study builds on data from the SOM-undersökning and focuses on the last twenty years. In the study, I argue that changes in what the electorate perceives to be the most important type of political issue have a causal effect on aff