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A new technique for assessing tissue blood flow using hyperpolarized tracers, based on the fact that the magnetization of a hyperpolarized substance can be destroyed permanently, is described. Assessments of blood flow with this technique are inherently insensitive to arterial delay and dispersion, and allow for quantification of the transit time and dispersion in the arteries that supply the inve
With today's improved measurement and data storing technologies it has become common to collect data in search for hypotheses instead of for testing hypotheses---to do exploratory data analysis. Finding patterns and structures in data is the main goal. This thesis deals with two kinds of structures that can convey relationships between different parts of data in a high-dimensional space: manifolds
This work aims to study the flow of non-Newtonian fluids and has two main goals. First, the power-law and Herschel Bulkley fluids are studied in a Couette rheometer. Second, the static and dynamic interaction of dual particles in power-law fluid are investigated.For the first goal, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is employed to understand the flow behavior of powe-rlaw fluid in the Couette rheo
We compute the transverse momentum dependent (TMD) soft function for the production of a color-neutral final state at the LHC within the rapidity renormalization group (RRG) framework to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO). We use this result to extract the universal renormalized TMD beam functions (aka TMDPDFs) in the same scheme and at the same order from known results in another scheme. We der
We know that planetary systems are just as common around white dwarfs as around main-sequence stars. However, self-consistently linking a planetary system across these two phases of stellar evolution through the violent giant branch poses computational challenges, and previous studies restricted architectures to equal-mass planets. Here, we remove this constraint and perform over 450 numerical int
We investigate the prospects for the capture of the proposed Planet 9 from other stars in the Sun's birth cluster. Any capture scenario must satisfy three conditions: the encounter must be more distant than ∼150 au to avoid perturbing the Kuiper belt; the other star must have a wide-orbit planet (a ≳ 100 au); the planet must be captured on to an appropriate orbit to sculpt the orbital distribution
Background: Previous work has demonstrated immunomodulatory, anti-tumor, anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic effects of the small molecule quinoline-3-carboxamide tasquinimod in pre-clinical cancer models. To better understand the anti-tumor effects of tasquinimod in transplantable tumor models, we have evaluated the impact of the compound both on recruitment of myeloid cells to tumor tissue and o
Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is a heterogeneous disease with widely different outcomes. We performed a comprehensive transcriptional analysis of 460 early-stage urothelial carcinomas and showed that NMIBC can be subgrouped into three major classes with basal- and luminal-like characteristics and different clinical outcomes. Large differences in biological processes such as the cell c
Background: Presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is a validated prognostic marker in metastatic breast cancer. Additional prognostic information may be obtained by morphologic characterization of CTCs. We explored whether apoptotic CTCs, CTC clusters and leukocytes attached to CTCs are associated with breast cancer subtype and prognosis at base-line (BL) and in follow-up (FU) blood samples i
Objectives: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a systemic disease with extensive vascular involvement. The aim of this study was to investigate the cumulative incidence of large vessel involvement (LVI) in GCA, the distribution of vessels involved, and predictors for LVI. Method: Patients with biopsy-proven GCA in a defined area in southern Sweden, diagnosed between 1997 and 2010, were identified throu
Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common types of cancers worldwide. Recent studies have identified cancer-initiating cells (CICs) as a subgroup of replication-competent cells in the development of colorectal cancer. Although it is understood that an inflammation-rich tumor microenvironment presumably supports CIC functions, the contributory factors are not very well defined. The pr
Objective: Changes in medical education have resulted in less available time for plastic surgery, which might jeopardise the availability of plastic surgery for patients. The aims of this study were to investigate the level of knowledge within and attitudes towards plastic surgery among medical students, and find predictors for a wish to pursue a career in plastic surgery. Methods: A previously us
McTaggarts argument för tidens overklighet, först publicerat 1908, satte agendan för 1900-talets tidsfilosofi. Ändå råder stor oenighet om vad argumentet egentligen sager. Ingen håller med om slutsatsen, och ändå finner många något intressant och viktigt i det. Den här boken presenterar den första kritiska översikten över förra århundradets debatt om det som har kommit att kallas McTaggarts parado
Several disease-linked mutations of apolipoprotein A-I, the major protein in high-density lipoprotein (HDL), are known to be amyloidogenic, and the fibrils often contain N-terminal fragments of the protein. Here, we present a combined computational and experimental study of the fibril-associated disordered 1-93 fragment of this protein, in wild-type and mutated (G26R, S36A, K40L, W50R) forms. In a
Using Monte Carlo methods, we explore and compare the effects of two protein crowders, BPTI and GB1, on the folding thermodynamics of two peptides, the compact helical trp-cage and the β-hairpin-forming GB1m3. The thermally highly stable crowder proteins are modeled using a fixed backbone and rotatable side-chains, whereas the peptides are free to fold and unfold. In the simulations, the crowder p
We describe and test an implicit solvent all-atom potential for simulations of protein folding and aggregation. The potential is developed through studies of structural and thermodynamic properties of 17 peptides with diverse secondary structure. Results obtained using the final form of the potential are presented for all these peptides. The same model, with unchanged parameters, is furthermore ap
