Introduction Alveolar dead space reflects phenomena that render arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide higher than that of mixed alveolar gas, disturbing carbon dioxide exchange. Right-to-left shunt fraction (Qs/Qt) leads to an alveolar dead space fraction (VdA(S)/VtA; where VtA is alveolar tidal volume). In acute respiratory distress syndrome, ancillary physiological disturbances may include

The glutathione S-transferase P1 genotype (GSTP1) is involved in the inactivation of cigarette smoke carcinogens, and sequence variation in the gene may alter bladder cancer susceptibility. To examine the association between GSTP1lle 105Val and bladder cancer, the authors undertook a meta- and pooled analysis. Summary crude and adjusted odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were p

Wheat proteins, soluble in diluted acid (glutenins), have been fractionated by counter-current distribution (CCD) using an aqueous two-phase system. The phase system is based on poly(ethylene glycol) and dextran but contains also 1% propionic acid and 6 mM magnesium sulfate. Approximately half of the bulk proteins partitioned to the upper phase while starch and other particles were recovered only

Student nurses' experience of preceptorship was the focus of this second part of a phenomenological study. The aim was to illuminate student nurses' lived experience of the preceptor-preceptee relationship on hospital wards. A phenomenological-hermeneutic analysis was made of tape-recorded interviews with seventeen student nurses. The interpretation process culminated in four themes, namely: (a) c

B lymphocyte development is a complex biological process critically dependent on the transcription factor early B cell factor (EBF). To deepen understanding of the roles for EBF in this process, we have used Pearson correlation analysis to evaluate microarray data from a set of mouse B lymphoid cell lines representing different stages of development. Comparing the expression pattern of EBF to that

The aim of this work was to evaluate the measurement properties and hierarchical item structure of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Data were taken from a cross-sectional study regarding fatigue and sleep-related aspects of PD. One hundred and eighteen consecutive patients with neurologist-diagnosed PD without significant co-morbidities (54% men; mean a

Quality of movement is frequently referred to as a phenomenon in the European movement tradition,underlining a close connection between outer expression and inner,lived experience. Within physical therapy little is clarified about the phenomenon from the point of view of lived experience. A case study was done searching for basic elements and dimensions of the phenomenon. An interpretive phenomeno

A scheme for calculating the vibrational structure of electronic spectra using coupled-cluster response theory is proposed. To calculate the vibrational structure of electronic transitions, the optimized geometries of the two electronic states, the molecular Hessians, the dipole transition moment and (for vibrationally induced transitions) the geometrical gradient of the dipole transition moment a

Male mice homozygous for a mutated allele of the cyclin A 1 gene (Ccna 1) are sterile due to a block in cell cycle progression before the first meiotic division. Meiosis arrest in Ccna1(-1-) spermatocytes is associated with desynapsis abnormalities, lowered MPF activity, and apoptosis as evidenced by TUNEL-positive staining. With time, adult testicular tubules exhibit severe degeneration: some tub

The human kallikrein (hk) family, located on chromosome 19, encodes prostate-specific antigen (PSA [or hK3]), hK2, hK4, and hK15 (prostin), as well as other serine proteases. Although PSA has been used in the detection of prostate cancer for several years, much remains unknown about its function and forms. The regulatory mechanisms of PSA are vital to its understanding. A particular mechanism by w

Haemodilution is commonly used as prophylaxis, as well as treatment for cerebral ischaemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Thirty-six patients operated for aneurysmal SAH were evaluated retrospectively; 24 received haemodilutive therapy and 12 patients, as a control group, received no additional therapy. There was a 'spontaneous' drop in haematocrit by 22% in both groups, and a co

A multiwell tissue culture system was developed to study the influence of various substances on hepatitis A virus (HAV) propagation. A panel of 20 substances of different structure types, each with known effect against at least some viruses, was studied at a concentration of 100 microM. Three substances showed reproducible inhibition. The strongest inhibitor, arabinosylcytosine, also produced cyto

The angels still do not know how to sing during Christmas night. Some have three lines in Luke 2.14, others only two. Some have good liturgical hymns in their textbooks, others must use bad prose versions. This article reconstructs a Hebrew version with its focus on the righteous remnant of Israel, the "Anawim" in Jerusalem who saw Jesus as the beginning of the restoration of Israel, and goes on t

Objective: The novel axial flow left ventricular assist device HeartMate II was introduced into clinical practice in Europe as part of the pilot study and after CE approval in November 2005. In order to get an overview of the use and performance of the device in Europe a group of investigators was founded to compare the initial results. Methods: In a retrospective analysis of the first 101 consecu

In Sweden, Jurassic strata are restricted to Skåne and adjacent offshore areas. Jurassic sedimentary rocks predominantly comprise sandy to muddy siliciclastics, with subordinate coal beds and few carbonate-rich beds. During Mesozoic times, block-faulting took place in the Sorgenfrei– Tornquist Zone, a tectonic zone which transects Skåne in a NW–SE direction. The Jurassic depositional environments