Background: The health care costs of kidney transplantation and dialysis are generally unknown. This study estimates the Swedish health care costs of kidney transplantation and dialysis over 10 years from a health care perspective.Method: A before–after design was used, in which the patients served as their own controls. Health care costs the year before transplantation were assumed to continue in

Refugee rights are reserved for the few lucky enough to evade the sophisticated deterrence regime, while the vast majority of the world’s refugees are referred to a life in semi-permanent limbo.

The concept of Partially Premixed Combustion (PPC) in internal combustion engines has shown to yield high gross indicated efficiencies, but at the expense of gas exchange efficiencies. Most of the experimental research on partially premixed combustion has been conducted on compression ignition engines designed to operate on diesel fuel and relatively high exhaust temperatures. The partially premix

Our previous research investigated the sensitivity of combustion phasing to intake temperature and injection timing during the transition from homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) to partially premixed combustion (PPC) fuelled with generic gasoline. The results directed particular attention to the relationship between intake temperature and combustion phasing which reflected the changing

Late Sandbian to early Katian δ13Ccarb chemostratigraphy has in Norway been described in only two previous reports that dealt with two geographically rather widely separated areas, namely the Oslo-Asker district and the Nes-Hamar district. No data have been available from the Ordovician outcrop areas between these districts that could help clarify the partly unclear regional stratigraphic relation

Summary: Kidney function decreases with age; however, the long-term influence on bone density (BMD) in older women already at risk of osteoporosis is unknown. We followed kidney function and bone loss for 10 years. Declining kidney function was adversely associated with bone loss and mineral homeostasis in old women, though it attenuated with advanced aging. Introduction: Existing studies do not f

Background: Methyl mercury (MeHg) is a well-known neurotoxin and evidence suggests that also low level exposure may affect prenatal neurodevelopment. Uncertainty exists as to whether the maternal MeHg burden in Norway might affect child neurodevelopment. Objective: To evaluate the association between prenatal mercury exposure, maternal seafood consumption and child language and communication skill

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of celiac disease in children and adolescents with Down syndrome.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-three children and adolescents with Down syndrome were screened for IgA-antigliadin antibodies (AGA) and IgA-antiendomysium antibodies (EMA). Patients found to be either AGA- or EMA-positive were investigated further with intestinal biopsy.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the host preferences in blood meal of specimens belonging to Culex pipiens complex.METHODS: A total of 1284 female mosquitos were morphologically examined, and genomic DNA isolations were individually performed on 376 (28.4%) specimens that were determined to be Cx. pipiens complex. PCR was performed with primers to specifically amplify the avian and mammal

BACKGROUND: Hand eczema is more common in healthcare workers compared to the general population. The hands are subject to changing occupational exposures due to mandatory hygiene regulations for health care workers.OBJECTIVES: To describe the exposure due to hygiene procedures and investigate the associations between occupational hand washing, use of non-sterile gloves, and hand disinfectant and s

We present the use of capillary driven flow over patterned surfaces to achieve cheap and simple, but powerful separation of biologically relevant particle systems. The wide use of microfluidics is often hampered by the propensity for devices to clog due to the small channel sizes and the inability to access the interior of devices for cleaning. Often the devices can only be used for a limited dura

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Genetic and environmental factors are believed to cause type 1 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of maternal BMI and gestational weight gain on the subsequent risk of childhood type 1 diabetes.METHODS: Children in the Swedish National Quality Register for Diabetes in Children were matched with control children from the Swedish Medical Birth Register.

Tom Tyler’s theory of procedural justice argues that police may foster legitimacy by acting “procedurally just”. This can be done by granting citizens opportunities to partake in decision-making, by making decisions impartial and unbiased, and by showing dignity, respect and honesty in public interactions. Legitimacy depends on people’s assessments of fairness, Tyler argues. His psychological theo

A precise age scale based on annual layer counting is essential for investigating past environmental changes from ice core records. However, subannual scale dating is hampered by the irregular intraannual variabilities of oxygen isotope (δ18O) records. Here we propose a dating method based on matching the δ18O variations between ice core records and records simulated by isotope-enabled climate mod

The European Spallation Source will, once fully operational in 2025, be the world's brightest neutron source. The neutrons will be generated by bombarding a tungsten target with protons accelerated to 96\% the speed of light by electromagnetic fields confined in 155 radio-frequency cavities along the world's most powerful linear accelerator.This thesis has been motivated by the strict control spec

This thesis comprises three papers studying several mathematical models related to geometric Markov processes and random processes with reinforcements. The main goal of these works is to investigate the dynamics as well as the limiting behaviour of the models as time goes to infinity, the existence of invariant measures and limiting distributions, the speed of convergence and other interesting rel