The chapter emphasizes the historical position of the layman in the Church of Sweden as an independent complement to women and clergymen. Spiritual letters, funeral sermons, and fictional material are used as sources. During the nineteenth century the Christian layman was professionalised or specialised in a way that did marginalize him as the layman as such.

Attracting membership while stifling freeriding and heterogeneous preferences among potential members is critical for trade union success. Women are generally seen as less inclined to join trade unions, particularly at the onset of the labor movement. We highlight a previously neglected explanation for this: the importance of risk and gender differences in assessment hereof. We study matched emplo

An in-house written software package was used to generate templates of QRS complexes and T waves using self-similarity techniques, and leave a residual signal representing only atrial activity. The templating performance differences between individual ECG leads were tested. The mean number of templates in each of the 3 ECG leads was 8±4, 2±1, 7±5 for the QRS complexes, and 11±5, 11±8, 10±5 for the

Popular Abstract in Swedish Swedish summary Stroke, hjärtstopp, skallskada och drunkningstillbud drabbar varje år tusentals människor i Sverige. Dessa åkommor leder snabbt till obotliga hjärnskador om de ej behandlas. Hjärnans nervceller är speciellt känsliga för brist på syre och socker, vilket bland annat beror på att ämnesomsättningen är extremt hög i hjärnan och på att energireserverna är myckBrain damage from ischemia-reperfusion and hypoglycemia are major causes of morbidity and mortality. Therapeutic strategies include hypothermia, glutamate-receptor blockade, immunosuppression and lately treatment aiming at preserving mitochondrial integrity and function. Mitochondria are the main producers of cellular energy but mitochondria also participate in cell signaling and take an active pa

Ett spöke hemsöker Europa – kolonialismen. Den koloniala urscenen mellan herren och slaven har bytt skepnad och framkallat ett europeiskt krismedvetande: de före detta barbarerna och underlägsna raserna kan inte längre hållas på säkert avstånd. De bortträngdas återkomst. Eller om man så vill, den koloniala bumerangen vänder åter. Här undersöks dess rörelse från den så kallade upptäckten av Amerik

This thesis concerns vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its possible role as a neurotrophic factor. I have investigated the effect of VEGF on neurons in culture but also in vivo, following a crush lesion of the sciatic nerve, and following nerve repair. Attempts were also made to unravel the mechanism by which VEGF affects neurons and Schwann cells, using a pharmacological approach in c

The distribution of exogeneous radiolabelled surfactant was investigated in immature newborn lambs who were either ventilated vigorously at birth, and then given surfactant, or who were given surfactant before the first breath. Surfactant distribution was more uniform, and lung mechanics better among the latter.