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Improved temperature precision in rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy with a modeless dye laser

Single-shot thermometry with dual-broadband rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy that employs amplified spontaneous emission from a broadband modeless dye laser has been examined. Evaluation of single-shot spectra of air, N-2, and O-2 showed an improved temperature precision at room temperature compared with the precision obtained with a conventional dye laser. A comparison was also

Genome-based identification and analysis of collagen-related structural motifs in bacterial and viral proteins.

Collagens are extended trimeric proteins composed of the repetitive sequence glycine-X-Y. A (c) under bar ollagen- related (S) under bar tructural (m) under bar otif (CSM) containing glycine-X-Y repeats is also found in numerous proteins often referred to as collagen-like proteins. Little is known about CSMs in bacteria and viruses, but the occurrence of such motifs has recently been demonstrated.

Binding effects in multivalent Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium

The classical Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium describes excess osmotic pressure associated with confined colloidal charges embedded in an electrolyte solution. In this work, we extend this approach to describe the influence of multivalent ion binding on the equilibrium force acting on a charged rod translocating between two compartments, thereby mimicking ionic effects on force balance during in vitro DN

Calibrated pollen accumulation rates as a basis for quantitative tree biomass reconstructions

Recent investigations show that the pollen accumulation rate (PAR) of the common tree taxa is directly related to the biomass and, by inference, to the population size of the taxa around the study site. Fossil PAR records preserved in lakes provide therefore a potential proxy for quantitative biomass and population reconstructions. We use the high-resolution PAR records obtained from two accuratel

Common variants in LSP1, 2q35 and 8q24 and breast cancer risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers

Genome-wide association studies of breast cancer have identified multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with increased breast cancer risks in the general population. In a previous study, we demonstrated that the minor alleles at three of these SNPs, in FGFR2, TNRC9 and MAP3K1, also confer increased risks of breast cancer for BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers. Three addi

Implications of the view of programs as formal systems

The prevailing view of software development as the production of program systems is abandoned in favor of software development as theory building. This suggests that software development properly should be regarded as a deductive activity following the same methodology as is used in all deductive sciences. Programming is merely the description process in the activity of building theories about thi

Multiple HIV-1 introductions into the Swedish intravenous drug user population

In 2001, an increase of HIV-1 diagnoses among intravenous drug users (IVDU) was reported in Sweden. In nearby countries, Finland, Russia and the Baltic states, recent outbreaks had been described. Since there was a concern that these outbreaks would carry over to Sweden a study was initiated to determine the factors leading to the Swedish increase of HIV-1 diagnosed IVDUs. HIV-1 env V3 sequences w

In vivo XRF analysis of mercury: the relation between concentrations in the kidney and the urine

The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of mercury in organs of occupationally exposed workers using in vivo x-ray fluorescence analysis. Twenty mercury exposed workers and twelve occupationally unexposed referents participated in the study. Their mercury levels in kidney, liver and thyroid were measured using a technique based on excitation with partly plane polarized phot

Initial experiments concerning quantum information processing in rare-earth-ion doped crystals

In this paper initial experiments towards constructing simple quantum gates in a solid state material are presented. Instead of using specially tailored materials. the aim is to select a subset of randomly distributed ions in the material. which have the interaction necessary to control each other and therefore can be used to do quantum logic operations. The experimental results demonstrate that p

Germ tube formation changes surface hydrophobicity of Candida cells

Hydrophobic interaction is generally considered to play an important role in the adherence of microorganisms to eukaryotic cells and also to certain inert surfaces. Using a microbe adhesion assay to hydrocarbons (n-hexadecane), 68 strains of Candida albicans and 30 non-albicans strains were studied. Influence of source of isolate, age of the culture, and percentage of germ tube formation on adhesi

A virtual vibrational self-consistent-field method for efficient calculation of molecular vibrational partition functions and thermal effects on molecular properties.

A new method is described for the calculation of molecular vibrational partition functions and thermal effects on molecular properties including an explicit account of anharmonicity. The approach is based on the vibrational self-consistent-field method. Partition functions and thermal averages of the energies calculated with the new method are generally in good agreement with the result of more ac

Modulation of chemoselectivity by protein additives. Remarkable effects in the oxidation of hyperforin

Protein additives have a dramatic effect on the H2O2 oxidation of hyperforin, either protecting the enolized phloroglucinol core from oxidation (human albumin) or promoting (HRP and ovalbumin) reaction pathways derived from the intermediacy of the enollactone 4, a minor component of the oxidation mixture in the absence of protein additives. To rationalize the exquisite specificity of several steps

Physicochemical properties of a mixed alkylglucoside surfactant/water system: Phase behavior, salt effects, and microstructure surrounding a closed-loop liquid/liquid miscibility gap

Mixtures of n-decyl beta-D-gluco-pyranoside (C(10)G(1)) and n-nonyl beta-D-gluco-pyranoside (C(9)G(1)) in water were studied to determine the location of a closed-loop liquid/liquid miscibility gap. A phase diagram including the point at which the closed loop first appeared was determined, as well as the effect of salts on the location of the consolute boundaries of the loop. The microstructure su

Drosophila RhoGEF2 associates with microtubule plus ends in an EB1-dependent manner

Members of the Rho/Rac/Cdc42 superfamily of GTPases [1,2] and their upstream activators, guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) [3], have emerged as key regulators of actin and microtubule dynamics. In their GTP bound form, these proteins interact with downstream effector molecules that alter actin and microtubule behavior. During Drosophila embryogenesis, a Galpha subunit (Concertina) and a R

Growth of two peat-forming mosses in subarctic mires: species interactions and effects of simulated climate change

In patches of co-occurring species in natural plant communities, there is a finely poised balance between species in the ways in which they respond to prevailing moisture and temperature regimes. However, environmental change scenarios, in which temperature, moisture and ultraviolet-B radiation are suggested to increase, may favour one of the species. The imbalance is likely to occur at the levels

Laser spectroscopy of free molecular oxygen dispersed in wood materials

The recently introduced Gas in Scattering Media Absorption Spectroscopy (GASMAS) technique is applied to the study of various wood samples. Molecular oxygen in the pores of the strongly scattering material is detected using diode laser spectroscopy around 760 nm. Diffuse light propagation in these media is studied by time-dispersion measurements. Furthermore, anisotropy related to the fibre struct

Signalling and functional diversity within the Axl subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases.

The related Axl, Sky and Mer receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are increasingly being implicated in a host of discrete cellular responses including cell survival, proliferation, migration and phagocytosis. Furthermore, their ligands Gas6 and protein S are characteristically dependent on vitamin K for expression of their functions. The Gas6/Axl system is implicated in several types of human cancer a