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Abstract Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness of insulin detemir compared with Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin when initiating insulin treatment in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Methods: Efficacy and safety data were derived from a 20-week multi-centre randomized controlled head-to-head clinical trial comparing insulin detemir

Macroinvertebrates and fish in the contaminated river are faced with a higher risk to suffer from exposure to Hg than humans eating contaminated fish and bacteria living in the groundwater. The river sediment is the most hazardous source for the macroinvertebrates, and macroinvertebrates make up the highest risk for fish. The distribution of body concentrations of Hg in fish in the mining areas of

The walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) is in some current systematic schemes divided into three subspecies: O. r. rosmarus in the North Atlantic, O. r. divergens in the North Pacific and O. r. laptevi in the Laptev Sea. These three subspecies have been described as differing in body size, but the taxonomic status of O. r. laptevi is disputed. The current study applies molecular and morphometric methods to

How professions should be defined and separated from other occupations has constituted an enduring theoretical and empirical problem in studies of the professions. In this article, the definitions of the so-called list approaches, involving enumerations of social attributes, are scrutinized. Weak-nesses are highlighted and analysed. It is argued that an alternative approach to the issue of definit

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a sight-threatening disease, requiring efficient screening and treatment. The present study aims to describe various aspects on treatment for ROP in Sweden.

Background. The leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains (LRIG) family of transmembrane proteins are involved in the regulation of cellular signal transduction. LRIG1 is an endogenous inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and an emerging tumor suppressor. In the lung epithelium, the expression of LRIG1 is downregulated by tobacco smoking, and further downregulated in lung squam

The cover of the latest volume of the scientific flora Flora Nordica (2010) is illustrated with a picture of the mezereon plant, Daphne mezereum, taken from J. W. Palmstruch’s old Swedish flora Svensk botanik (1802). In his preface, Palmstruch states that the illustrations are most often depicted from nature, but ”sometimes borrowed, with or without improvements” from four quoted international wor

As n-ary operations, generalizing Lie and Poisson algebras, arise in many different physical contexts, it is interesting to study general ways of constructing explicit realizations of such multilinear structures. Generically, they describe the dynamics of a physical system, and there is a need of understanding their quantization. Hom-Nambu-Lie algebras provide a framework that might be an appropri

Radiochromic film, polymer gel and radiochromic plastic are three different kinds of dosimeters developed for radiation therapy and suitable for optical readout. In this study, different optical CT scanners are used to scan the dosimeters to find out if they could be used as multi-purpose scanners, i.e. for readout of the different kinds of dosimeters. Promising results are found but further devel

Aims and objectives. To investigate the factors that influence satisfaction with emergency care among individuals accompanying patients to the emergency department and explore agreement between the triage nurse and accompanying person regarding urgency. Background. Many patients seeking treatment in hospital are escorted by an accompanying person, who may be a friend, family member or carer. Sever

The transverse momentum(p(T)) spectrum and nuclear modification factor (R-AA) of reconstructed jets in 0-10% and 10-30% central Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV were measured. Jets were reconstructed using the anti-k(T) jet algorithm with a resolution parameter of R = 0.2 from charged and neutral particles, utilizing the ALICE tracking detectors and Electromagnetic Calorimeter (EMCal). Th

Previous research has shown that sanctions have a negative impact on the level of democracy in targeted authoritarian countries. This runs counter to substantive comparative literature on democratization which finds that economic stress is connected with regime collapse and democratic liberalization. To solve this puzzle, we focus on the effects of “democratic sanctions” (those that explicitly aim

Background Sex determination processes vary widely among different vertebrate taxa, but no group offers as much diversity for the study of the evolution of sex determination as teleost fish. However, the knowledge about sex determination gene cascades is scarce in this species-rich group and further difficulties arise when considering hybrid fish taxa, in which mechanisms exhibited by parental spe

BACKGROUND: Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Trametes versicolor and Bjerkandera sp BOL13 were compared for decolorization of azo dyes supplied individually or as a mixture. The dye decolorization was also evaluated during continuous treatment under non-sterile conditions using a lignocellulosic growth substrate. RESULTS: Bjerkandera sp BOL13 showed the highest dye decolorization potential. This fungu

In this work, the high-temperature thermal stability of nanocrystalline Cr2O3 films on Si wafers deposited at various bias voltages was systematically investigated by means of a symmetrical high-resolution thermogravimetric system. In the meantime, the effects of substrate bias voltage on the morphology, microstructure, crack area percentage, phase constituents, and grain size of the heat-treated

Individual metering and charging (IMC) allows energy costs to be apportioned among tenants in multi-apartment buildings based on their own energy use. This can result in reduced energy use due to an increased saving behaviour by tenants, which has caught the attention of the European Parliament. In the EU-directive 2012/27/EU there is a requirement for IMC to be installed by December 31, 2016 in m

Combining high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, 3d photoemission line shape and surface core-level shifts have been reinvestigated on the Ge(111)c(2 x 8) surface. It is found that 3d spectra include, in addition to the bulk and three surface-shifted components reported in literature, a component that was not identified in earlier measurements

Several coastal areas in the south of Sweden are subjected to flooding and erosion. Such events depend on the magnitude and frequency of water levels and wave heights as well as their joint occurrence. Long time series of climate data from the south coast of Sweden were employed to investigate the statistical properties of extreme events in terms of the waves and water level changes. Through the c