Atomic C, N, and O chemisorbed on Ni(100) have been studied by x-ray-absorption spectroscopy. The atomic 2p orbitals are shown to form hybrid orbitals with the Ni 3d and 4sp bands. The spectral contributions from these hybrids are identified at the absorption threshold and in a region 6-12 eV above this. Between those regions, states derived from atomic 3p and higher np orbitals are observed. The

The formation of Sm silicides on Si(111) by means of solid phase epitaxy has been studied with low energy electron diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy of the Sm 4f level and Si 2p level. A limited reaction is found to occur already at room temperature whereas at higher temperatures a strongly intermixed Sm/Si layer showing some long range order is formed. The Sm

The ordered c(2×2) Na on Al(100) and (3 × 3) R30°K on Al(111) structures formed at either 100 K or at room temperature are studied by high-resolution core-level spectroscopy. For both systems equal alkali coverages are found at these two temperatures. The core-level spectra, however, show strong changes with temperature. This behavior leads to the surprising conclusion that annealing at room tempe

There is currently a widespread societal expectation for businesses to respect and support human rights. The apparent simplicity of this expectation contrasts sharply against the difficulty of specifying with precision the boundaries of corporate social responsibilities (CSR). This Article argues that the basis of these difficulties is the uncertainty regarding the responsibility of a business for

This collection gathers the more important instruments dealing with the relationships of business with a range of topics such as labor rights, security issues, environmental protection, anti-corruption, good governance, poverty alleviation and development, which all have important human rights dimensions. The premise for this selection is that business has both responsibilities and opportunities t

An experimental culture system was designed with the purpose of studying matrix synthesis and cell proliferation in the deep flexor tendon of the rabbit fore-paw. Special attention was paid to differences between three consecutive defined segments of the tendon from the region of the tendon sheath. There were two fibrocartilaginous areas in the tendon, one in the dorsal part of the proximal segmen

The effects of human recombinant insulin-like growth factor-I (rhIGF-I, 50 ng/ml) on matrix metabolism in the deep flexor tendon from the tendon sheath region of the rabbit were studied in explants cultured for 3 weeks. Tendon segments cultured in medium supplemented with fetal calf serum (FCS) exhibited proliferation of the superficial cell layers. Synthesis of proteoglycan and non-collagen prote

Demineralized bone matrix from young and adult monkeys was implanted intramuscularly for 6 weeks in athymic rats and adult monkeys. Cartilage and bone induction was evaluated by histology and calcium content. In the athymic rat, most implants induced cartilage or bone. In the monkeys, cartilage was formed only on rare occasions and there was no sign of bone formation. We conclude that (a) adult mo

We determined the concentration of proteoglycan fragments in knee joint fluid collected from knee-ligament injured patients more than 6 months after the trauma and from patients with acute pyrophosphate arthritis and arthrosis or with arthrosis only. Injured patients with normal or only mildly altered cartilage at arthroscopy and with normal radiographs, had twice the average concentration of heal

Objective. To determine in a cross sectional study the concentrations of stromelysin, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP), and proteoglycan fragments in knee synovial fluid (SF) at different times after injury to cruciate ligament or meniscus. Methods. Joint fluid samples were obtained from patients with knee injury diagnosed by arthroscopy. Concentrations of stromelysin-1 and TIMP-1 wer

Various markers of the metabolism of articular cartilage have been identified in synovial fluid, blood, and urine of patients with osteoarthritis (OA). The joint fluid level of a cartilage-derived molecule, or its fragment, can be used as a marker of the synthesis or catabolism of that molecule in the articular surfaces within that joint. In blood and urine, on the other hand, the level of a marke

Intrasynovial and extrasynovial flexor tendon grafts recently have been shown to have dissimilar patterns of cellular survival and host integration within the digital sheath. In an effort to determine if fundamental differences exist between these two types of tendons, we investigated the biochemical composition and cellular activity of intrasynovial and extrasynovial tendon segments of 12 adult m

Objective - To detect evidence for localised changes in bone matrix metabolism after joint trauma and in post-traumatic osteoarthritis by quantification of bone sialoprotein in joint fluid and serum after knee injury in a cross sectional study. Methods - Samples of knee joint fluid and serum were obtained from volunteers with normal knees (n = 19), patients with rupture of the anterior cruciate li

Forty patients with traumatic knee hemarthrosis were examined within 1 week after injury and observations made with magnetic resonance imaging, scintigraphy, arthroscopic evaluation, radiography, and physical examination were compared. Thirty-four patients (85%) had anterior cruciate ligament injuries according to the arthroscopic findings and 28 (83%) of these had associated meniscal tears. Magne

Osteoarthritis of the knee is not a well defined illness, but is a result of different causes that may lead to joint failure due to chondral damage, synovial inflammation, subchondral bone formation, and the formation of osteophytes along the joint lines. The pathogenesis is unclear. We still lack treatment to cure the early prosess of chondral degeneration. The treatment of choice in early and mo