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Radiochromic film imaging spectroscopy of laser-accelerated proton beams
This article reports on an experimental method to fully reconstruct laser-accelerated proton beam parameters called radiochromic film imaging spectroscopy (RIS). RIS allows for the characterization of proton beams concerning real and virtual source size, envelope- and microdivergence, normalized transverse emittance, phase space, and proton spectrum. This technique requires particular targets and
The locus coeruleus Is Directly Implicated in L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinsonian Rats: An Electrophysiological and Behavioural Study
Despite being the most effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, L-DOPA causes a development of dyskinetic movements in the majority of treated patients. L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia is attributed to a dysregulated dopamine transmission within the basal ganglia, but serotonergic and noradrenergic systems are believed to play an important modulatory role. In this study, we have addressed the role o
Resonant Auger decay study of C1s -> pi* core-excited OCS
The present work aims at characterizing short-lived C1s((-1)) pi*((1)) core-excited states of the OCS molecule based on the analysis of the vibrational fine structure and lineshape profiles of the high-resolution resonant Auger decay spectra recorded at the excitation energies along the C1s -> pi* resonance in the binding energy region 15-19eV. Very different behavior in terms of lineshape and res
Adipocyte-Specific Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Deletion Increases Lipogenesis, Adipocyte Cell Size and Is a Minor Regulator of Glucose Homeostasis
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a key negative regulator of leptin and insulin signaling, is positively correlated with adiposity and contributes to insulin resistance. Global PTP1B deletion improves diet-induced obesity and glucose homeostasis via enhanced leptin signaling in the brain and increased insulin signaling in liver and muscle. However, the role of PTP1B in adipocytes is unclea
Atmospheric synthesis of superhydrophobic TiO2 nanoparticle deposits in a single step using Liquid Flame Spray
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are synthesised in aerosol phase using the Liquid Flame Spray method. The particles are deposited in-situ on paperboard, glass and metal surfaces. According to literature, titanium dioxide is supposed to be hydrophilic. However, hydrophobic behaviour is observed on paperboard substrates but not on metal or glass substrates. Here, the water contact angle behaviour of
Alcohol Use and Stress in University Freshmen - A Comparative Intervention Study of Two Universities
Starting university is associated with major academic, personal and social opportunities. For many people, university entrance is also associated with increased stress and alcohol consumption. At the start of the autumn term 2002, all students entering educational programmes at two comparable middle-sized Swedish universities were invited to participate in a comparative intervention study. This in
Feeding appetite suppressing thylakoids to pigs alters pancreatic lipase/colipase secretion
The mechanism for a new appetite suppressor named thylakoids (membrane proteins derived from spinach leaves) was examined in vivo in pigs. Thylakoids inhibit the lipase/colipase hydrolysis of triacylglycerols (TG) in vitro and suppress food intake, decrease body weight gain and raise the circulating satiety hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) in rats but its mechanism in vivo remains unclear. We hypothe
Self-consistent Hartree-Fock and RPA Green's function method indicate no pygmy resonance in the monopole response of neutron-rich Ni isotopes
The random phase approximation (RPA) monopole strength and the unperturbed particle-hole excitation strength are studied, in which the strength in the continuum is properly treated without discretizing unbound particle spectra. The model is the self-consistent Hartree-Fock calculation and the RPA Green's function method with Skyrme interactions. Numerical examples are the Ni isotopes, especially N
Waves of media democratization: A brief history of contemporary participatory practices in the media sphere
The article aims to provide a more historically grounded approach to the relationship between communication and participation, by distinguishing different waves of media democratization. The article first discusses the concept of participation and some of its complexities, and then sketches a series of intense moments of participation in and through the media in (mainly the second half) the 20th a
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Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the Western hemisphere and the incidence increases with increasing age. Most colorectal cancers are localized with or without lymph node metastases. Up to 20% of patients present with metastatic disease, most commonly to the liver. Surgery is the only curative therapy for localized colorectal cancer and adjuvant chemotherapy is usually recommend
Nitrogen 1s NEXAFS and XPS spectroscopy of NH3-saturated Si(001)-2x1: Theoretical predictions and experimental observations at 300 K
In the light of hybrid functional density-functional theory calculations of the core-excited and core-ionized states, this paper discusses original N 1s x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and near-edge x-ray absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS) experimental data on the single-domain (vicinal) Si(001)-2x1 surface saturated by NH3 at 300 K. The theoretical approach enables to discuss the vibration
Self-control depletion is more than motivational switch from work to fun
Interval estimation for a binomial proportion: a bootstrap approach
This paper discusses the classic but still current problem of interval estimation of a binomial proportion. Bootstrap methods are presented for constructing such confidence intervals in a routine, automatic way. Three confidence intervals for a binomial proportion are compared and studied by means of a simulation study, namely: the Wald confidence interval, the Agresti-Coull interval and the boots
Copy Number Variation Analysis in Familial BRCA1/2-Negative Finnish Breast and Ovarian Cancer
Background: Inherited factors predisposing individuals to breast and ovarian cancer are largely unidentified in a majority of families with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). We aimed to identify germline copy number variations (CNVs) contributing to HBOC susceptibility in the Finnish population. Methods: A cohort of 84 HBOC individuals (negative for BRCA1/2-founder mutations and pre-scr
Janitors of Knowledge: Constructing Knowledge in the Everyday Life of Wikipedia Editors
Purpose: The aim of this article is to explore how trustworthy knowledge claims in Wikipedia are constructed by focusing on the everyday practices of Wikipedia editors. The article focuses particularly on the role of references to external sources for the stabilisation of knowledge in Wikipedia. Design/methodology/approach: The study is inspired by online ethnography. It includes eleven Wikipedia
Surveillance and Deferred Treatment for Localized Prostate Cancer. Population Based Study in the National Prostate Cancer Register of Sweden
Purpose: To what extent active surveillance and deferred treatment for localized risk prostate cancer are used is unclear. We assessed the use of surveillance and of deferred treatment in a population based, nationwide cohort in Sweden. Materials and Methods: In the National Prostate Cancer Register of Sweden, with a 98% coverage vs the compulsory Swedish Cancer Registry, we identified 8,304 incid
Muscle contraction and force: the importance of an ancillary network, nutrient supply and waste removal
Muscle contraction studies often focus solely on myofibres and the proteins known to be involved in the processes of sarcomere shortening and cross-bridge cycling, but skeletal muscle also comprises a very elaborate ancillary network of capillaries, which not only play a vital role in terms of nutrient delivery and waste product removal, but are also tethered to surrounding fibres by collagen "wir
A measurement of the ratio of the production cross sections for W and Z bosons in association with jets with the ATLAS detector
The ratio of the production cross sections for W and Z bosons in association with jets has been measured in proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The measurement is based on the entire 2011 dataset, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb(-1). Inclusive and differential cross-section ratios for massive vector bosons decaying
In-field determination of nanomolar nitrite in seawater using a sequential injection technique combined with solid phase enrichment and colorimetric detection
A novel sequential injection method for the determination of nitrite at nanomolar level in seawater samples has been developed. The pink azo compound was formed based on the Griess reaction and quantitatively adsorbed onto a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge. The enriched azo compound was rinsed with water and ethanol (28%, v/v) in turn, and then eluted with an eluent containing 26.6% (v/v) ethanol and 0.108m