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Payment Services Directive (PSD) was designed with the objective of constituting a new legal framework in the field of payments in the European Union. The Directive not only introduces several new solutions, but also transforms those already existing – reshaping the legal background to a large extent. It is clearly visible that the area of payments is a vastly complex part of the EU law. One shou
Arbitration as a dispute settlement mean is widely used in the disputes on a carriage of goods by sea. As world trade of goods is mainly based on the carriage by sea services, the predictability and certainty regarding to the arbitration of shipping disputes is very important. The fundamental question is an existence of a valid arbitration agreement and accordingly whether or not there is a duty t
The requirement of insurable interest in marine insurances has since long been debated in England, not only in relation to marine insurances. The focal point of this essay does however lie on the requirement of insurable interest in the marine insurance industry in England. Marine insurance as a term includes several types of insurances, a feature these sub-branches of marine insurance have in com
I uppsatsen undersöks konstruktionen av varumärket Fjällräven ur ett avsändarperspektiv, utgående från Fjällrävens höst- och vinterkatalog 2009. Reklammaterialet analyseras utifrån ett semiotiskt förhållningssätt. Med hjälp av begreppet och teori om corporate storytelling identifieras Fjällrävens företagsberättelse. Särskild uppmärksamhet fästs vid de narrativa texterna om ryggsäcken Kånken. Genom
This thesis explores and reflects on the regulations related to marine environment protection with a special focus on the cruise industry. The main provisions regulating the cruise ships activities are primarily addressed by looking at the international and regional conventions for afterwards narrowing down the interest on the impact of their adoption on the development of the Turkish legislation.
To the Maritime lawyer, international ship arrest provides both an interesting and challenging topic. This field of law is so dynamic because a particular vessel trades worldwide and spends much of its time in international waters. The importance of this area of law could be seen from the attention it has received from the international shipping community, this is also evident from the enormous ef
The innovative efforts of the pharmaceutical sector have provided society with numerous new remedies and medicines. Innovation is considered to be of key importance to the sector. The aim of the thesis is to analyse how the relevant legal frameworks should be developed to account for the innovative need of the sector. In order to develop these frameworks it is important to understand the underlyin
Despite efforts to end it, poverty still persists in the world today. Lately, microcredit has received much attention as a possible remedy. Even though there are many studies investigating the effects of microcredit there is a lack of research on the impact of microcredit on national poverty. Therefore the purpose of this study is to investigate that particular aspect by analyzing the impact so fa
The aim for this report is to present an industrial design master thesis carried out by Micael Palmgren at Lunds University. The report describes, not only the end result of the project, but also the path along the line to the final result. The master thesis have developed and visualized a unique concept for a new motorboat for tomorrow, called Gränö 750 ME. The reader will be taken through the de
has learned what works and what lasts. It has been facing and has solved the problem humans stand before today and who better to turn to then someone that already been through the same experience. To find inspiration and to studies nature’s best ideas and then imitates these designs to solve human problems is what Biomimicry is all about. This was my starting point for my master thesis, to identif
In this thesis some of the properties of Conditional Value at Risk and Mean-Variance for portfolio optimization are explored, from a particularly practical perspective. The portfolio optimizations are performed for data in two different time periods: 2006 and 2008. These periods were chosen to capture both positive and negative financial market episodes, with 2006 representing a period of generall
In this essay, the degree of price rigidity was evaluated on Lithuanian macro data. For this purpose, a Calvo-type sticky price optimizing agent model was employed as theoretical background, guiding to the New Keynesian Phillips Curve (NKPC). The results of econometric analysis revealed, that real marginal costs do drive short-run inflation in Lithuania if unit labor costs are employed as a proxy.
I denna uppsats undersöks användningen av det futurala hjälpverbet kommer. I undersökningen vill jag söka svar på om det med tiden har blivit vanligare att kommer skrivs utan infinitivmärke, och i så fall om struket infinitivmärke är vanligare förekommande i kombination med vissa ord än med andra. De tre källor, så kallade korpusar, jag har använt är från olika tider. Den första korpus som undersö
Det är viktigt att undvika förseningar i ett rättssystem för att upprätthålla rättssäkerheten. Långa handläggningstider utsätter de berörda individerna för stress och osäkerhet, vilket kan riskera både effektiviteten och trovärdigheten av rättssystemet. Europakonventionen, som också är Svensk lag, innehåller bestämmelser om en rättvis rättegång inom skälig tid. Frågan är dock om Sverige lever up tIn a judicial system it is very important to administer justice without delay to uphold the rule of law. Lengthy proceedings subject the concerned individuals to stress and uncertainty, and might jeopardize the effectiveness and credibility of justice. The European Convention on human rights, which is incorporated in Swedish law, provides a right to a fair trial within reasonable time, but is Swed
This study examines the impact of different types of copula on the performance of weekly VaR estimation for a two-asset portfolio composed of stock indices using a conditional copula methodology. The aim is to find out if the choice of copula is important since Fantazzini (2008) found it not to be. The Gaussian copula, the Student’s t copula and the SJC copula was included in this study based on t
This Master’s thesis in library and information science deals with the development of Länkskafferiet, a SBIG created in 1994 by NetLab of the University Library of Lund. Länkskafferiet maintains a selection of quality controlled Internet links for the use of Swedish school children. We have had access to archives and files from the start of Länkskafferiet in 1994 to 2005 and have also interviewed
In the past years different parts of the Pahang River basin have been affected by problems related to flooding. Many people died or were dislocated from their place, and government and private properties have been damaged causing huge impact on the country’s economy. The main reason for this catastrophe is the lack of appropriate knowledge about the river ba-sin’s hydrology. The rapid industrializ
De nyligen upplevda problemen på finansmarknaden har bidragit till ett ökat intresse för små och medelstora företags tillgång till finansiering. Intresset för målgruppen beror på deras stora betydelse för länders ekonomi och tillväxt. Små och medelstora företag utgör 99 % av alla företag i Europa, erbjuder 75 miljoner människor arbete, och skapar ett av varje två nya jobb. Att deras expansion inte
Med verkan från den 12 februari 2009 har Sverige regler som begränsar lånemöjligheterna från utländska företag. Lagstiftningen trädde formellt i kraft den förste januari 2010 och har införts till följd av att Skatteverket uppmärksammat en ökad aktivitet av skatteplanering innefattande utländska holdingbolag. Ägarledda svenska företag överlät sin verksamhet till ett egenkontrollerat utländskt holdiWith effect from 12 February 2010, Sweden has adopted rules which limit the right to accept loans from foreign companies. The legislation took formal affect 1 January 2010 and were in forced due to an inquiry made by the Swedish Tax Agency (Sv. Skatteverket), which highlighted an increasing activity of tax avoidance schemes through foreign holding companies. Management owned Swedish companies tran
