Soil microbial communities play a pivotal role in regulating ecosystem functioning. But they are increasingly being shaped by human-induced environmental change, including intense “pulse” perturbations, such as droughts, which are predicted to increase in frequency and intensity with climate change. While it is known that soil microbial communities are sensitive to such perturbations and that effe

Since the industrial revolution, humans have extensively been contributing to the accumulation of rubble in marine and freshwater ecosystems. Because the buildup of trash in water bodies was previously considered miniscule owing to its capacity to drift away from vantage points, the growing impact of plastic pollutants has historically been neglected. Today, however, pollution of aquatic systems i

Lead-free metal halide perovskites are emerging as less-toxic alternatives to their lead-based counterparts. However, their applicability in optoelectronic devices is limited, and the charge transport dynamics remain poorly understood. Understanding photo-induced charge and structural dynamics is critical for unlocking the potential of these novel systems. In this work, ultrafast optical and Raman

Heterocyclic amines (HAs), formed when meat and fish are cooked at high temperatures, have been linked to mammary gland cancer in rats, and some epidemiological studies indicate increased breast cancer risk by consumption of well-done meat. The epidemiological evidence linking HAs per se to breast cancer is however sparse, especially from prospective studies. Moreover, high-fat diets rich in omega

PURPOSE: To analyze the clinical and visual outcome of 55 consecutive patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)-associated uveitis examined 7 and 24 years after the onset of the eye disease. METHODS: A retrospective study. RESULTS: Fifty-five out of 350 patients with JIA developed uveitis (15.7%). Forty-six (84%) of these had oligoarthritis, 6 (11%) had polyarthritis, and 3(5%) had systemi

BACKGROUND: Few earlier studies have analysed smoking as a risk factor for myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke in type 2 diabetic patients. DESIGN AND METHODS: A longitudinal study involved 13 087 female and male patients with type 2 diabetes from the Swedish National Diabetes Register with no previous MI or stroke at baseline, aged 30-74 years, and with data available for all analysed variables,

The complement system has vital protective functions as a humoral component of the innate immune system and also through interactions with the adaptive immune system; however, when inappropriately activated or regulated, complement can cause inflammation and organ damage, and such processes are involved in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory conditions, not least rheumatic diseases. Furthermore,

BACKGROUND: Proghrelin, produced by the ghrelin (A-like) cells of the gastric mucosa, gives rise to cleavage products, including desacyl ghrelin, acyl ghrelin and obestatin. The products are thought to be secreted concomitantly. In an earlier study we found acyl ghrelin and obestatin, but not desacyl ghrelin, to suppress the release of hormones from isolated islets of mouse and rat pancreas. RESUL

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is thought to develop from an interaction between environmental and genetic factors. We examined whether clinical or genetic factors or both could predict progression to diabetes in two prospective cohorts. METHODS: We genotyped 16 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and examined clinical factors in 16,061 Swedish and 2770 Finnish subjects. Type 2 diabetes d

In this paper, an F'F'GA implementation of a novel and highly scalable hardware architecture for fast inversion of triangular matrices is presented. An integral part of modem signal processing and communications applications involves manipulation of large matrices. Therefore, scalable and flexible hardware architectures are increasingly sought for. In this paper, the traditional triangular shaped

In this paper we consider control signal properties, such as maximum magnitude and activity, as well as system robustness measures. We derive an ideal controller and control signal for exponential disturbance rejection for a first order process with time delay. For the resulting closed-loop system, it is shown analytically that there are strong interconnections between robustness measures and cont

The paper contains an experimental validation of the physically based brush-tire model toward the tire behavior in a number of different realistic conditions. Results of measurements performed with summer, winter, and studded tires on different road foundations such as wet and dry asphalt, basalt, snow, and ice are presented. The purpose behind the validation is to study the possibilities of using

Abstract in UndeterminedTo study the phenomenology of hypnotic virtuosos, theauthor employed a 2 (hypnosis vs. control) × 3 (quiescent, pedaling astationary bike, having a motor pedal the bike) within-subjects designwith quantitative and qualitative measures. In a “neutral hypnosis”context with the only suggestion being to go as deeply into hypnosisas possible, participants reported alterations in