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We study a large-time limit of a Markov process whose states are finite graphs. The number of the vertices is described by a supercritical branching process, and the dynamics of edges is determined by the rates of appending and deleting. We find a phase transition in our model similar to the one in the random graph model G (n,p). We derive a formula for the line of critical parameters which separa
Four qualitative methods for the detection of beta-lactamase production in Staphylococcus and Micrococcus species were evaluated and compared with a quantitative macroiodometric reference method. The disc diffusion test with penicillin G and the cloverleaf method could not separate beta-lactamase-positive from beta-lactamase-negative strains. Two applications of the chromogenic cephalosporin test,
Abstract is not available
The purpose of this research was to investigate e-business and e-supply strategies in Scottish small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The paper reviews academic literature and recent survey reports on the degree of e-business adoption in the UK and Republic of Ireland. The qualitative methodology undertaken is described, findings are discussed and implications from this study for e-business s
In a search for new inhibitors of the TNF-alpha promoter activity, a new spiro-compound, designated oxaspirodion, was obtained as a mixture of four isomers from fermentations of the ascomycete Chaetomium subspirale. The structure was determined by a combination of spectroscopic techniques.
Diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy increases the risk of deterioration in renal function and is associated with increased mortality in patients with renal failure. Type 1 diabetic patients with long diabetes duration, matched for age (38 +/- 9 years) and diabetes duration (28 +/- 8 years) were studied regarding the association between cardiovascular autonomic nerve function and different
Developmental changes in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction were examined in urinary bladder smooth muscle from mice. Maximal active stress was lower in newborn tissue compared with adult, and it was correlated with a lower content of actin and myosin. Sensitivity to extracellular Ca2+ during high-K+ contraction, was higher in newborn compared with 3-wk-old and adult bladder strips. Conce
Salt linkages, electrostatic effects, and modified water structure are important for the properties of gluten, wheat flour dough, and baking (Belitz et al 1986). These effects have been studied at various levels of salt concentration, pH, and ion strength (Doguchi and Hlynka 1967; Salovaara 1982; Kinsella and Hale 1984; Holmes and Hoseney 1987 Preston 1989; He et al 1992). Sodium chloride usually
A four-element conical electron lens has been developed in view of its integration to a double toroidal electron energy analyzer (DTA) dedicated to Auger electron-ion coincidence measurements. The lens design, using electron trajectory numerical simulations, was entirely guided by the perspective of analyzing energetic electrons with high resolution in the multicoincidence regime. The design, cons
Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen består av ett inledande kapitel och tre essäer, som studerar sjukpenningförsäkringen, sociala normer och sjukskrivning. Den första essän, Group-Specific Social Norms and Economic Incentives in a General Welfare System, behandlar interaktionen mellan ekonomiska och sociala drivkrafter i ett generellt bidragssystem. Vi anknyter resultaten till sjukpenningförThe thesis consists of an introductory chapter and three essays, considering sickness insurance, social norms and absence certification. The first essay, Group-Specific Social Norms and Economic Incentives in a General Welfare System, investigates the interaction between economic incentives and social influences in a general welfare system. We relate the results to sickness insurance. The model i
Popular Abstract in Swedish Sedimentära bergarter såsom t.ex. sandstenar och lerskiffrar, bildas genom att lösa sediment (t.ex. sand och lera) ”bakas” hårda när de sjunker ned i jordskorpan. Anledningen till att många lagerföljder rör sig nedåt i jordskorpan beror till viss del på de ovanliggande sedimentens tyngd, men är i huvudsak ett resultat av de platt-tektoniska rörelser som hela tiden påverPost-depositional thermal conditions have been investigated throughout the Phanerozoic sedimentary succession in Skåne. Clay mineralogy and illite crystallinity have been the main tools for the Lower Palaeozoic strata. Within the Mesozoic sequence thermal influence was examined using RockEval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance analysis. Clay mineralogy of the Lower Palaeozoic shales and mudstone
Synaptic dopamine release from embryonic nigral transplants has been monitored in the striatum of a patient with Parkinson's disease using [11C]-raclopride positron emission tomography to measure dopamine D2 receptor occupancy by the endogenous transmitter. In this patient, who had received a transplant in the right putamen 10 years earlier, grafts had restored both basal and drug-induced dopamine
The use of fossil energy is one of the major environmental problems associated with tourism and travel. Consequently, the need to limit fossil energy use has been highlighted as a precondition for achieving sustainable tourism development. However, tourism is also one of the most important sectors of the world economy, and fears have thus been expressed by the tourist industry and its organisation
Global problems such as atmospheric change, acid rain, and water pollution in surface and subsurface environments dominate discussions of world environmental problems. In this thesis the roles of hydrologic processes and hydrogeochemical processes are investigated through development, modification, and application of models for addressing point and non-point source contamination of water. The move
Modifications to a model describing swash motion based on solutions to the non-linear shallow water equations were made to account for interaction between up-rush and back-wash at the still water shoreline and within the swash zone. Inputs to the model are wave heights and arrival times at the still water shoreline. The model was tested against wave groups representing idealized vessel-generated w
