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Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 3, 4, and 5 induces endolymphatic hydrops in mouse inner ear, as evaluated with repeated 9.4T MRI

Conclusion: The data indicate important roles for phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3, 4, 5, and related cAMP and cGMP pools in the regulation of inner ear fluid homeostasis. Thus, dysfunction of these enzymes might contribute to pathologies of the inner ear. Objective: The mechanisms underlying endolymphatic hydrops, a hallmark of inner ear dysfunction, are not known in detail; however, altered balance in

Identification of discrepancies in grain quality and grain protein composition through avenin proteins of oat after an effort to increase protein content

Background: Oat prolamin (avenin) is a family of proteins that contain several polymorphic components. The highinterspecific variability of avenin among cultivars, electrophoretic patterns have been used for grain protein comparisonand species relationships. Therefore, the present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of environment onavenin constitution following an effort to increase prot

Development of High-Protein Oat for the Feed and Food Industry

Oats are an excellent source of high-quality proteins, with a favourable amino acid composition. Oat proteins therefore have greatpotential to complement existing animal and plant protein sources, especially if the protein content could be increased. In this thesis,high-protein oat lines were identified and characterised. More than a thousand individual lines in a mutagenised oat population(Target

Antennal and behavioural responses of the spruce seedmoth, Cydia strobilella, to floral volatiles of Norwayspruce, Picea abies, and temporal variation in emissionof active compounds

We investigated whether spruce seed moth, Cydia strobilella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae, Grapholitini), one of the most damaging seed predators on Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) H. Karst (Pinaceae), uses olfactory cues during host search. Analyses with coupled gas chromatography and electroantennography revealed that antennae of both sexes of moths responded consistently to three compounds in th

Validation of data quality in the Swedish National Register for Oesophageal and Gastric Cancer

Background: The Swedish National Register for Oesophageal and Gastric Cancer (NREV) was launched in 2006. Data are reported at diagnosis (diagnostic survey), at the time of surgery (surgical survey) and at first outpatient follow-up (follow-up survey). The aim of this study was to evaluate data originating from NREV in terms of comparability, completeness, accuracy and timeliness. Methods: Coding

Metastatic spread in patients with gastric cancer

Background: The epidemiology of metastatic gastric cancer is unexplored because cancer registries seldom cover metastatic involvement apart from "present or not". We used a novel approach by utilizing Swedish registers to assess metastatic spread in gastric cancer. To our knowledge, this is the first nationwide description of metastases in gastric cancer. Results: The most common sites of metastas

5-HT2B receptor antagonists attenuate myofibroblast differentiation and subsequent fibrotic responses in vitro and in vivo

Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by excessive accumulation of connective tissue, along with activated extracellular matrix (ECM)-producing cells, myofibroblasts. The pathological mechanisms are not well known, however serotonin (5-HT) and 5-HT class 2 (5-HT2) receptors have been associated with fibrosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of 5-HT2B receptors in fibrosis, u

Infection-related and -unrelated malignancies, HIV and the aging population

Objectives: HIV-positive people have increased risk of infection-related malignancies (IRMs) and infection-unrelated malignancies (IURMs). The aim of the study was to determine the impact of aging on future IRM and IURM incidence. Methods: People enrolled in EuroSIDA and followed from the latest of the first visit or 1 January 2001 until the last visit or death were included in the study. Poisson

Shared genetic factors involved in celiac disease, type 2 diabetes and anorexia nervosa suggest common molecular pathways for chronic diseases

Background and Objectives: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several genetic regions involved in immune-regulatory mechanisms to be associated with celiac disease. Previous GWAS also revealed an over-representation of genes involved in type 2 diabetes and anorexia nervosa associated with celiac disease, suggesting involvement of common metabolic pathways for development of the

A Bivariate Genetic Analysis of Drug Abuse Ascertained Through Medical and Criminal Registries in Swedish Twins, Siblings and Half-Siblings

Using Swedish nationwide registry data, the authors investigated the correlation of genetic and environmental risk factors in the etiology of drug abuse as ascertained from medical and criminal registries by modeling twin and sibling data. Medical drug abuse was defined using public inpatient and outpatient records, while criminal drug abuse was ascertained through legal records. Twin, full and ha

Age-related differences in the sonographic characteristics of endometriomas

Study Question Do sonographic characteristics of ovarian endometriomas vary with age in premenopausal women? Summary Answer With increasing age, multilocular cysts and cysts with papillations and other solid components become more common whereas ground glass echogenicity of cyst fluid becomes less common. What is Known Already Expectant or medical management of women with endometriomas is now acce

Characterization of Relaxant Responses to Natriuretic Peptides in the Human Microcirculation In Vitro and In Vivo

Objective: We characterized the vasodilatory effects of ANP, BNP, and CNP in human subcutaneous arterioles in vitro and the cutaneous microcirculation in vivo. Methods: The in vitro experiments were performed using wire myography and the responses were characterized by the use of inhibitors for nitric oxide (L-NAME), prostaglandin synthesis (indomethacin), or the endothelium-derived hyperpolarizat

Association of Exome Sequences with Cardiovascular Traits among Blacks in the Jackson Heart Study

Background-The correlation of null alleles with human phenotypes can provide insight into gene function in humans. In individuals of African ancestry, we set out to identify null and damaging missense variants, and test these variants for association with a range of cardiovascular phenotypes. Methods and Results-We performed whole-exome sequencing in 3223 black individuals from the Jackson Heart S

White adipose tissue browning in the R6/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease

Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal, autosomal dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder, characterised not only by progressive cognitive, motor and psychiatric impairments, but also of peripheral pathology. In both human HD and in mouse models of HD there is evidence of increased energy expenditure and weight loss, alongside altered body composition. Unlike white adipose tissue (WAT), brow

Natural and anthropogenic influences on the population structure of white-tailed eagles in the Carpathian Basin and central Europe

European populations of the white-tailed eagle Haliaeetus albicilla suffered a drastic decline during the 20th century. In many countries, only a few dozen breeding pairs survived or the species disappeared completely. By today, the populations have recovered, naturally or through restocking (e.g. in Scotland or the Czech Republic). In the Carpathian Basin, which is now a stronghold in southern Eu

Genetic structure of an endangered raptor at individual and population levels

The Finnish population of White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) has gone through two major demographic bottlenecks during the last two centuries. Strong conservation measures have allowed the population to recover, but despite the rapid population growth during recent years the species is still classified as endangered. We studied the genetic population structure at both individual and populat

Prevalence of Sudden Death in Palliative Care : Data From the Australian Palliative Care Outcomes Collaboration

Context Advanced, life-limiting illnesses are likely to have a predictable functional decline through a terminal phase to death, but some patients may also die suddenly. To date, empirical evidence characterizing “sudden death” in hospice/palliative care is lacking. Objectives The aim of this study was to determine prevalence and clinicodemographic predictors of sudden death in hospice/palliative