At the end of the summer, drifting filamentous red algae cover shallow bottoms and accumulate in huge cast walls on the open shores of the non-tidal central Baltic Sea. The hypotheses that beach cleaning increases water clarity, decreases the organic content of the sand, and increases the species diversity in the shallow zone closest to the shore, were tested through field investigations and exper

Fondaparinux is a new anticoagulant that interacts with antithrombin III and activated coagulation factor X resulting in an inhibition of the coagulation system. It has been successful in doses of 2.5 mg for thromboprophylaxis as well as in higher therapeutic doses of 5-7.5 mg. No optimal method for monitoring the effects of fondaparinux has been proposed. The aim of the present study was to inves

A new processing scheme for the fabrication of sub-100-nm-gate-length vertical nanowire transistors has been developed. InAs transistors with an 11 x 11 nanowire matrix and 80 nm gate length have been realized by this process. The gate length is directly controlled via the thickness of the evaporated gate metal and is thus easily scalable. The demonstrated devices operate in depletion mode, and th

The Medical Patients with Enoxaparin (MEDENOX) trial was a randomized, placebo-controlled study that defined the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in acutely ill, immobilized, general medical patients and the efficacy of the low-molecular-weight heparin, enoxaparin, in preventing thrombosis. We performed a post-hoc analysis to evaluate the effect of 40 mg enoxaparin once daily on MEDENOX patien

This study examines aspects of scholarly journal publishing in the Nordic countries. On average half of Nordic journals publish online. In most Nordic countries, commercial publishers predominate; however, in Finland the majority are society publishers. The number of open access journals is low, in line with international figures. There is concern to maintain local languages in journal publishing.

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by an unstable CAG repeat. For patients at risk, participating in predictive testing and learning of having CAG expansion, a major unanswered question shifts from "Will I get HD?" to "When will it manifest?" Using the largest cohort of HD patients analyzed to date (2913 individuals from 40 centers worldwide), we developed a parametri

Using a primitive model approach, we analyze the influence of ion specific adsorption on the phase behavior of charged lamellar systems. The presence of a weak short-ranged surface potential, attracting monovalent counterions, induces a phase separation, where the separate phases have different repeat distance. If the adsorption potential is very weak, the more narrow phase never forms. An opposit

Heme A, as a prosthetic group, is found exclusively in respiratory oxidases of mitochondria and aerobic bacteria. Bacillus subtilis CtaA and other heme A synthases catalyze the conversion of a methyl side group on heme 0 into a formyl group. The catalytic mechanism of heme A synthase is not understood, and little is known about the composition and structure of the enzyme. In this work, we have: (i

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic effects of four biological markers, BCL2, TP53, Ki-67, and P-glycoprotein, and their possible clinical relevance in addition to the international prognostic index (IPI) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). A total of 405 patients with aggressive lymphoma, stage II-IV, between 18 and 67 years, were randomized in a trial comparing CHOP

Soil fungal biomass, microfungal species composition, and soil respiration rate of conifer mor soil were studied along a steep copper and zinc gradient (up to 20,000 ,ug of Cu and 20,000 ,ug of Zn g-1 dry soil) around a brass mill near the town of Gusum in South Sweden. Fungal biomass and soil respiration rate decreased by about 75% along the metal gradient. Above 1,000 ,ug of Cu g- 1, the decreas

We measured the microvascular response to histamine in guinea pig skin. Histamine (40 mg ml-1) was given either as a skin prick test or applied topically onto a skin window. The skin window was prepared by applying suction and gentle warming to the skin so that a blister was formed, and by removing the top of the blister. The microvascular response was measured as the accumulation of radiolabelled

Aqueous aerosols produced by nebulizers used in clinical situations can rapidly change size as the patient inhales. This is caused by air with a relative humidity (RH) lower than inside the nebulizer being entrained and mixed with nebulized aerosol during the inhalation maneuver. A way to assess the change in size is to measure the aerosol in a test method that reflects the clinical situation. The

The measures needed for the protection of the layer are decided regularly by the Parties to the Montreal Protocol, now consisting of 188 countries. The Parties are advised on knowledge relevant to this task by three panels of experts: the Scientific, Environmental Effects, and Technology and Economic Assessment Panels. These panels produce an assessment every four years. The Environmental Effects

We sought to identify factors related to short-term outcome of foot ulcers in patients with diabetes treated in a multidisciplinary system until healing was achieved. Consecutively presenting patients with diabetes and worst foot ulcer (Wagner grade 1-5, below ankle) (n = 2,511) were prospectively followed and treated according to a standardised protocol until healing was achieved or until death.

While individual data form the base for much empirical analysis in education, this is not the case for analysis of technical efficiency. In this paper, efficiency is estimated using individual data which is then aggregated to larger groups of students. Using an individual approach to technical efficiency makes it possible to carry out studies on a wide range of student constellations; e.g. entire

The sign of the T-stress has been widely used for deciding whether directional stability prevails for straight cracks subjected to mode I loading under small scale yielding. However, there is little evidence for the reliability of such a criterion. On the contrary, it is shown that a local criterion is not applicable and that directional stability generally depends on body and load geometry as wel

Geological evidence from the Late Cretaceous continental interior of the Vilui Basin, Siberia suggests a far wetter, warmer, and more equable annual climate than General Circulation Models (GCMs) can reproduce. The disparity cannot be bridged by the uncertainties inherent in either the models or the geological climate proxies. This implies the mismatch is genuine and that either 1) we have systema