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Protandry, the earlier arrival of males at the breeding grounds relative to females, is common in migratory birds. However, due to difficulties in following individual birds on migration, we still lack knowledge about the spatiotemporal origin of protandry during the annual cycle, impeding our understanding of the proximate drivers of this phenomenon. Here, we use full annual cycle tracking data o

Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy, and especially the polarization-controlled version of it, is the cutting edge technique for disentangling various types of coherences in molecules and molecular aggregates. In order to evaluate the electronic coherences, which often decay on a 100 fs time scale, the early population times have to be included in the analysis. However, signals in this region

Background: The aim of this study was to describe hand fracture epidemiology/etiology in city children and describe time trend during six decades. Patients and methods: A single hospital serves the entire city population of 271,271 (year 2005). Through the hospital medical and radiological archives, we collected epidemiology and etiology data concerning pediatric (age < 16 years) hand fractures in

Earth system models (ESMs) are key tools for providing climate projections under different scenarios of human-induced forcing. ESMs include a large number of additional processes and feedbacks such as biogeochemical cycles that traditional physical climate models do not consider. Yet, some processes such as cloud dynamics and ecosystem functional response still have fairly high uncertainties. In t

The purpose of this article is to analyse quality attributes of regional public transport and their influence on modal choice, demand, and customer satisfaction through a literature review. The review is based on a working definition of regional public transport with boundaries toward local as well as interregional public transport: Regional public transport (i) targets passengers travelling betwe

Background: Recurrent severe Dupuytren contracture of the small finger's proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint is a difficult problem. Further surgery carries high risk of complications and poor outcome. Patients are often offered finger amputation. We have devised a novel surgical procedure consisting of middle phalanx monoblock resection and ligament reconstruction to create a new functioning int

Background AGT (angiotensinogen) synthesis occurs in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells, independent from systemic AGT , as a component of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system. We investigated urinary AGT , as a biomarker for renin-angiotensin system activation, and electrolyte concentrations, in relation to glomerular volume, as a proxy for glomerular endotheliosis in renal biopsy tissue

The Capacity Development Guide is a monograph produced for MSB the purpose of which is to provide necessary guidance and tools to those who are tasked with conceptualizing, designing and implementing capacity development initiatives, programs and projects. It is designed to enable professionals with adequate knowledge of capacity development to organize their thinking and plan processes in a more

Objectives In an acute heart failure (AHF) setting, proenkephalin A 119-159 (penKid) has emerged as a promising prognostic marker for predicting worsening renal function (WRF), while bioactive adrenomedullin (bio-ADM) has been proposed as a potential marker for congestion. We examined the diagnostic value of bio-ADM in congestion and penKid in WRF and investigated the prognostic value of bio-ADM a

We investigate the backscattering of low-power millimeter-wave pulses (wavelets) on the human hand in order to determine the detection limit of scattering features. Using an in-house wavelet radar setup with a nominal spatial resolution of 2.29 cm, we measure a hand in three different postures: a flat hand, a fist, and a hand with raised index finger. For the latter, we are able to resolve backsca

Background: Chronic prurigo (CPG) is a distinct disease characterized by chronic pruritus, history and/or signs of prolonged scratching and multiple pruriginous lesions. It may present with various clinical manifestations, including papules, nodules, plaques or umbilicated lesions. Some patients with chronic pruritus show pruriginous linear and scaring scratch lesions (LSSL) and it is unclear whet

Hox genes are a remarkable example of conservation in animal development and their nested expression along the head-to-tail axis orchestrates embryonic patterning. Early in vertebrate history, two duplications led to the emergence of four Hox clusters (A-D) and redundancy within paralog groups has been partially accommodated with gene losses. Here we conduct an inventory of squamate Hox genes usin

Objective- The Wnt/β-catenin pathway orchestrates development of the blood-brain barrier, but the downstream mechanisms involved at different developmental windows and in different central nervous system (CNS) tissues have remained elusive. Approach and Results- Here, we create a new mouse model allowing spatiotemporal investigations of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by induced overexpression of Axin1, a

The incidence of stroke and dementia are diverging across the world, rising for those in low- and middle-income countries and falling in those in high-income countries. This suggests that whatever factors cause these trends are potentially modifiable. At the population level, neurological disorders as a group account for the largest proportion of disability-adjusted life years globally (10%). Amon

The AIRE gene plays a key role in the development of central immune tolerance by promoting thymic presentation of tissue-specific molecules. Patients with AIRE-deficiency develop multiple autoimmune manifestations and display autoantibodies against the affected tissues. In 2016 it was reported that: i) the spectrum of autoantibodies in patients with AIRE-deficiency is much broader than previously

Background and objectives: The aim of our study is to validate the registration of knee arthroplasty revisions in the Lithuanian Arthroplasty Register (LAR) and thus give an indication of the accuracy of the published revision rates. Materials and methods: A total of 4269 primary total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) registered in the LAR between 2013 and 2015 were included. Two years after surgery the