The History of African Development – published by the African Economic History Network (AEHN) – aims to draw experts in the field of African History, Economics and African Development Studies together around an open access textbook. The textbook is primarily intended for teachers/lecturers and undergraduate students, at African universities, but also for an interested wider public audience. The AE

Limited knowledge of African historical inequality trajectories hampers our understanding of inequality outcomes today and leads to a major omission in debates about global inequality. Economies in colonial Africa were characterized by a process of export-oriented commercialization. We hypothesize that this process itself, the capital intensity of the commodities produced, and the relative importa

This paper extends the application of quantile-based Bayesian inference to probability distributions defined in terms of quantiles of observable quantities. Quantile-parameterized distributions are characterized by high shape flexibility and parameter interpretability, making them useful for eliciting information about observables. To encode uncertainty in the quantiles elicited from experts, we p

Objective: Non-invasive identification of motoneuron (MN) activity commonly uses electromyography (EMG). However, surface EMG (sEMG) detects only superficial sources, at less than approximately 10-mm depth. Intramuscular EMG can detect deep sources, but it is limited to sources within a few mm of the detection site. Conversely, ultrasound (US) images have high spatial resolution across the whole m

This paper analyzes incomes and income inequality in Stockholm from 1870 to 1970. The paper builds on a new dataset of 38,022 randomly sampled Stockholm residents 1870–1950, with information on income, occupation, age, gender, and household composition. This is complemented by the Census of 1930 and a Statistics Sweden sample for 1960 and 1970. Incomes were very unequally distributed between 1870 This paper analyzes incomes and income inequality in Stockholm from 1870 to 1970. The paper builds on a new dataset of 38,022 randomly sampled Stockholm residents 1870–1950, with information on income, occupation, age, gender, and household composition. This is complemented by the Census of 1930 and a Statistics Sweden sample for 1960 and 1970. Incomes were very unequally distributed between 1870

Limited knowledge of African inequality trajectories hampers our understanding of the drivers of heterogenous inequality outcomes in Africa today, and leads to major omission in debates about global inequality. In recent years, African economic history has advanced towards the reconstruction of full income distributions of African economies using 'social tables'. In this paper, we take stock of th

Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are chemicals that have gained attention during the last years. There are about 10,000 different PFAS compounds, and due to their unique chemical characteristics, PFAS has been used in a variety of industrial applications and household products since the 1950s. Today, concerns about their toxicity and persistence have led to the regulation and banni

Background: Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with a poorer health profile and higher mortality. Young people with ID have more sedentary lifestyles than their typically developing peers. Consequently, this group is at significant risk of developing lifestyle diseases (ie, noncommunicable diseases) later in life. Increasing physical activity and eating a heal

Aims: Between 1985 and 1996, Sweden experienced an “epidemic” of celiac disease with a fourfold increase in incidence in young children. Timing and amount of gluten introduced during infancy have been thought to explain this “epidemic”. We aimed to study whether the cumulative incidence of type 1 diabetes differs between children born during the “epidemic” compared to children born after. Methods:

Purpose: Reablement is a multidisciplinary intervention aimed at promoting function and independence for people with functional decline. Detailed descriptions of various professions’ actions are needed for organization and evaluation of reablement services. This study describes physiotherapy practice in a reablement context in Swedish municipalities, focusing on the content and magnitude of interv

Background: Epidemiological studies have shown an association between periodontitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-related diseases. However, a causal relationship between these two diseases remains unclear. To examine the causal relationship between these two diseases, we conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using genetic markers as proxies. Met

I argue that the philosophy of Merleau-Ponty can help resolve a long-lasting problem, with continued relevance for philosophy, semiotics and linguistics: the dialectical relationship between pre-verbal consciousness and language. I proceed by reconstructing the development of his thought on the topic from the Phenomenology of Perception to his final writings. From an initial standpoint where langu

For some decades, feminist scholars have engaged with the new responsibilities that corporations assume to address gender inequalities, often critiquing forms of economic empowerment that ignore the significance of social reproduction. Recently, however, the idea of a business case for unpaid care and domestic work (UCDW) has caught traction, opening up new ways for businesses to showcase responsi

The sparse iterative covariance-based estimation (SPICE) algorithm is promising for hyperparameter-free sparse source location for time-division-multiplexing multiple-input-multiple-output (TDM-MIMO) radar systems, with well-documented merits in resolution enhancement and sidelobe suppression. Regrettably, the method typically requires a large number of iterations to converge, each requiring high-

Systematic changes have been observed in the functional architecture of the human brain with advancing age. However, functional connectivity (FC) is also a powerful feature to detect unique “connectome fingerprints,” allowing identification of individuals among their peers. Although fingerprinting has been robustly observed in samples of young adults, the reliability of this approach has not been