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The main source of soil moisture variability in savanna ecosystems is pulsed rainfall. Rainfall pulsing impacts water-stress durations, soil moisture switching between wet-to-dry and dry-to-wet states, and soil moisture spectra as well as derived measures from it such as soil moisture memory. Rainfall pulsing is also responsible for rapid changes in grassland leaf area and concomitant changes in e

A goal of the International Prophylaxis Study Group (IPSG) is to provide an accurate instrument to measure MRI-based disease severity of haemophilic arthropathy at various time points, so that longitudinal changes in disease severity can be identified to support decisions on treatment management. We review and discuss in this paper the evaluative purpose of the IPSG MRI scale in relation to its de

Background Some evidence suggests that chronic kidney disease is a risk factor for lower-extremity peripheral artery disease. We aimed to quantify the independent and joint associations of two measures of chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] and albuminuria) with the incidence of peripheral artery disease. Methods In this collaborative meta-analysis of international

Aim: To examine international time trends in the incidence of renal replacement therapy (RRT) for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) by primary renal disease (PRD). Methods: Renal registries reporting on patients starting RRT per million population for ESRD by PRD from 2005 to 2014, were identified by internet search and literature review. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) with a 95% confide

The paper describes a theoretical analysis of programming and what it offers in terms of the meaning-making process. It finds that programming provide opportunity to iterate, to visualise and to perform transductions. Each affordance has been shown to affect the meaning-making process and can enhance it if used in a meaningful way. By using variation theory as a lens of these affordances, we ident

Background: Change in albuminuria as a surrogate endpoint for progression of chronic kidney disease is strongly supported by biological plausibility, but empirical evidence to support its validity in epidemiological studies is lacking. We aimed to assess the consistency of the association between change in albuminuria and risk of end-stage kidney disease in a large individual participant-level met

Tryptophan is an essential dietary amino acid that originates uremic toxins that contribute to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patient outcomes. We evaluated serum levels and removal during haemodialysis and haemodiafiltration of tryptophan and tryptophan-derived uremic toxins, indoxyl sulfate (IS) and indole acetic acid (IAA), in ESKD patients in different dialysis treatment settings. This prospe

The paper describes a pilot study where programming was introduced to a small group of Swedish upper secondary students with the intent to showcase how programming could be used to construct meaning about different physics concepts. The study found that the students realized the potential of programming as a tool to investigate and explore physics. The results were then described using the theoret

PurposeIn addition to absorption imaging, grating interferometry-based mammography (GIM) is capable of detecting differential-phase and scattering signals. In particular, the scattering signal can enable a quantifiable characterization of breast lesions. The purpose of this study was to determine if suspicious microcalcifications associated with benign or malignant lesions can be discriminated bas

Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) tool materials with NbN binder without additives and PCBN with Al2O3 or Si3N4 micropowder and whisker additives were manufactured and compared. PCBN materials with Si3N4 whisker reinforcement have the best mechanical properties of all the evaluated materials. Composites reinforced with Al2O3 whiskers have the lowest fracture toughness. However, Al2O3 whis

Nutritional deficiencies among women of reproductive age, especially from socially backward classes, are widely prevalent in India. The present study aimed to assess the nutrient intakes and analyse their associations with sociodemographic attributes among socially backward adolescent girls, newly married women, pregnant women, and lactating mothers from four districts of India. Further, the study

Colon cancer is a therapy-resistant cancer with a low 5-year survival frequency. The drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been used as a first-line therapy in metastatic colon cancer in combination with leucovorin or oxaliplatin with a >40% resistance rate. High CysLT1R expression in tumors is associated with poor survival of colon cancer patients. We sought to examine the role of CysLT1R in 5-FU resist

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Microbial synthesis of high-value biochemicals like biosurfactants using renewable substrates has attracted an intensive interest in the past decade. In this work, the bioproduction of sophorolipids was achieved by fermentation of different vegetable oils with the strain of Candida bombicola A0803 using novel hydrophobic poly(butyl methacrylate)(pBMA) cryogels as the oil substrate delivery carrier

Heterogenous bimodal harmonic-structure (HS) materials are interesting because of excellent structural efficiency. In this work, we present a simple yet powerful analytical model allowing to evaluate strain partitioning between coarse- and ultrafine- grain (CG and UFG, respectively) structure components in HS materials and to estimate the magnitude of back-stress forming at their interphases. The

Objective: Subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have lower circulating hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels following myocardial ischemia and a higher risk of mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the dose-dependent favorable effects of sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rats with T2D. Methods: T2D was induced using a high-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose o

Extracellular influx of calcium or release of calcium from intracellular stores have been shown to activate mammalian TRPA1 as well as to sensitize and desensitize TRPA1 electrophilic activation. Calcium binding sites on both intracellular N- and C-termini have been proposed. Here, we demonstrate based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and bilayer patch-clamp studies, a direct calmodulin