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Chimerism analysis in clinical practice and its relevance for the detection of graft rejection and malignant relapse in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients.

Chimerism and clinical outcome data from 244 hematopoietic stem cell transplants in 218 children were retrospectively analyzed to assess their relevance for the detection of graft rejection and malignant relapse. Patients transplanted for a non-malignant disease had significantly higher proportions of residual recipient T cells in peripheral blood at one, three, and six months compared with patien

Improved transferase/hydrolase ratio through rational design of a family 1 β-glucosidase from Thermotoga neapolitana.

Alkyl glycosides are attractive surfactants because of their high surface activity and good biodegradability and can be produced from renewable resources. Through enzymatic catalysis one can obtain well-defined alkyl glycosides, something that is very difficult using conventional chemistry. However, there is a need for better enzymes to get a commercially feasible process. A thermostable β-glucosi

Microscopic four-point-probe resistivity measurements of shallow, high density doping layers in silicon

We present room temperature resistivity measurements of shallow, monolayer doped phosphorus in silicon, a material system of interest for both conventional microelectronic manufacturing, and future quantum electronic devices. Using an in-situ variable spacing microscopic four-probe system, we demonstrate the ability to separate the conductivity of the substrate and the doping layer. We show that t

Long term measurements of aerosol optical properties at a primary forest site in Amazonia

A long term experiment was conducted in a primary forest area in Amazonia, with continuous in-situ measurements of aerosol optical properties between February 2008 and April 2011, comprising, to our knowledge, the longest database ever in the Amazon Basin. Two major classes of aerosol particles, with significantly different optical properties were identified: coarse mode predominant biogenic aeros

The Yeast ATF1 Acetyltransferase Efficiently Acetylates Insect Pheromone Alcohols: Implications for the Biological Production of Moth Pheromones.

Many moth pheromones are composed of mixtures of acetates of long-chain (≥10 carbon) fatty alcohols. Moth pheromone precursors such as fatty acids and fatty alcohols can be produced in yeast by the heterologous expression of genes involved in insect pheromone production. Acetyltransferases that subsequently catalyze the formation of acetates by transfer of the acetate unit from acetyl-CoA to a fat

Forgetting to remember or remembering to forget: A study of the recall period length in health care survey questions.

Self-reported data on health care use is a key input in a range of studies. However, the length of recall period in self-reported health care questions varies between surveys, and this variation may affect the results of the studies. This study uses a large survey experiment to examine the role of the length of recall periods for the quality of self-reported hospitalization data by comparing regis

Effects of Polyamino Acids and Polyelectrolytes on Amyloid β Fibril Formation.

The fibril formation of the neurodegenerative peptide amyloid β (Aβ42) is sensitive to solution conditions, and several proteins and peptides have been found to retard the process. Aβ42 fibril formation was followed with ThT fluorescence in the presence of polyamino acids (poly-glutamic acid, poly-lysine, and poly-threonine) and other polymers (poly(acrylic acid), poly(ethylenimine), and poly(dial

Board structures and board behaviour: A cross-country comparison of privately held SMEs in Belgium, The Netherlands and Norway

In this study, we examine and compare formal board structures and actual board behaviour in privately held SMEs. We integrate and build on ideas from institutional theory and the behavioural theory of the firm to propose that privately held firms have specific governance needs that 'decouple' formal board structures from actual board behaviour. Following this logic, we expect board structures to v

Endocrine aspects and sequel in patients with craniopharyngioma

A craniopharyngioma (CP) is an embryonic malformation of the sellar and parasellar region. The annual incidence is 0.5-2.0 cases/million per year and approximately 60% of CP is seen in adulthood. The therapy of choice is surgery, followed by cranial radiotherapy in about half of the patients. Typical initial manifestations at diagnosis in children are symptoms of elevated intracranial pressure, vi

Human biological monitoring of suspected endocrine-disrupting compounds.

Endocrine-disrupting compounds are exogenous agents that interfere with the natural hormones of the body. Human biological monitoring is a powerful method for monitoring exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds. In this review, we describe human biological monitoring systems for different groups of endocrine disrupting compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls, brominated flame retardants, phthalates

Experience of living with a family member with bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe illness that has a serious impact on the lives of those affected and on their families. The aim of this study was to elucidate what it means for family members to live with an adult person who has BD, with reference to their views concerning the condition of the person affected and the future. During 2005, 17 family members of people with the disorder were intervi

Pathological airway remodelling in inflammation

Introduction: Airway remodelling refers to a wide pattern of patophysiological mechanisms involving smooth muscle cell hyperplasia, increase of activated fibroblasts and myofibroblasts with deposition of extracellular matrix. In asthma, it includes alterations of the epithelial cell layer with goblet cell hyperplasia, thickening of basement membranes, peri-bronchial and peri-broncheolar fibrosis.

Primary Amine-Functional Benzoxazine Monomers and Their Use for Amide-Containing Monomeric Benzoxazines

Amino-functional benzoxazine monomers have been successfully prepared. Several routes have been applied to incorporate amino group into benzoxazine structure. These approaches include reduction of the corresponding nitro-functional benzoxazines and deprotection of protected amino-functional benzoxazine monomers. Various approaches that allow primary amine groups to be prepared without damaging the

Simvastatin and zinc synergistically enhance osteoblasts activity and decrease the acute response of inflammatory cells.

Several ceramic biomaterials have been suggested as promising alternatives to autologous bone to replace or restore bone after trauma or disease. The osteoinductive potential of most scaffolds is often rather low by themselves and for this reason growth factors or drugs have been supplemented to these synthetic materials. Although some growth factors show good osteoinductive potential their drawba

Prevalence of penicillin-non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae in children in day-care centres subjected to an intervention to prevent dispersion.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the day-care interventions implemented in southern Sweden to restrict the dispersion of penicillin-non-susceptible pneumococci with a minimum inhibitory concentration of penicillin G of at least 0.5 mg/l (PNSP0.5). Methods: A retrospective epidemiological study was performed and data from 109 day-care centre interventions from 2000 to 2010 were ana

Quality in e-learning - a conceptual framework based on experiences from three international benchmarking projects

Between 2008 and 2010, Lund University took part in three international benchmarking projects, E-xcellence+, the eLearning Benchmarking Exercise 2009, and the First Dual-Mode Distance Learning Benchmarking Club. A comparison of these models revealed a rather high level of correspondence. From this finding and from desktop studies of the current discourse regarding e-learning, a conceptual framewor

Developing a Competency-based Curriculum in Basic and Clinical Pharmacology - A Delphi Study among Physicians.

A new curriculum is planned for the medical school at Lund University, Sweden. Pharmacology, in a broad sense, has been identified as a subject that needs to be strengthened based on needs in the healthcare system. The aim was to identify the competencies in basic and clinical pharmacology that a newly qualified physician needs. Using a modified three-round Delphi technique, 31 physicians were inv

What could the next 40 years hold for global tourism?

Over the past 40 years, tourism has developed to become a sector of global economic, social and environmental significance. This paper provides a retrospective overview of the massive expansion and evolving geography of international and domestic tourism over the last 40 years, including the factors that enabled and challenged this growth, in order to contextualize a discussion of what the next 40