Våldsförbudet är en av folkrättens mest fundamentala regleringar och förbjuder allt mellanstatligt våld. Ett av undantagen till våldsförbudet är självförsvarsrätten som ger stater som blir utsatta för ett väpnat angrepp en rätt till självförsvar. En mycket omdebatterad fråga inom folkrätten är om självförsvarsrätten inte bara skall gälla mot en annan stat, utan även mot icke-statliga aktörer. En dOne of the most fundamental regulations in international law is the prohibition on the use of force, which forbids all violence between states. The right to self-defence is one of the exceptions to the prohibition and gives states that have been victims of an armed attack a right to self-defence. A much-debated question within international law is if the right to self-defence should be applicable

In times of rising populism, this paper aims to study if deliberative democracy and deliberation in general, can function as a counteracting tool against populists movements. By discussing perspectives of both sides of the deliberative democratic debate, the paper illuminates both beneficial factors and potential drawbacks of the deliberative form of democracy when it comes to counteracting populi

In 1973 Horst W.J Rittler and Melvin M called traffic planning a “wicked problem”, meaning that the area of expertise is highly technical but also touches upon socio-spatial questions. A wicked problem can never meet everyone's expectations and needs, due to a lot of different interests and values. In order to solve this problem the Swedish government suggested a new method called method of st

Energy communities are on the rise in the EU. Viewed as a potential driver to a socio-technical transition towards renewable energy, they are given substantial room for growth within EU policy. In some EU member states, they are flourishing, while in others they barely exist. This thesis analyses how the density of energy communities affects the shares of renewable energy in a state’s energy mix.

Studies have validated that supporting basic psychological needs of the self-determination theory (SDT) in video games can affect intrinsic motivation. But it is difficult to find evidence that the same applies to virtual reality (VR) applications, especially by isolating groups of game features that support each of the basic psychological needs. The current thesis apply a user centered design pro

Within the colored cosmetics industry today most brands are only in it to win it. This market is worth billions of dollars and everyone wants a cut. We are overwhelmed by this industry on most social medias but mainly on instagram where we are constantly encouraged by influencers to try the latest on the market. The colored cosmetics industry promotes overconsumption. The most common packaging m

This is a descriptive ideational analysis of how the three biggest parties in Sweden motivated a restrictive migration policy before the general election in 2018. Although the Sweden Democrats, the Moderates and the Social Democrats have notably different ideological roots, and have different ideas about how the world is and should be shaped, they still all seek to justify a restrictive migration

The conflict between the Sami people on one hand and the majority of Sweden on the other has a long history, and one of the main topics in this conflict concerns the use of territory in the parts of Sweden where the Sami people conduct reindeer herding. In 2009 a small reindeer herding community called Girjas sued the Swedish government as they considered themselves being entitled to have the exc

Närbyråkrater och policyskapare är nära förankrade i fråga om reformarbete av internationella samarbetsavtal inom projekt som drivs av svenska myndigheter. Uppsatsen behandlar experter och deras arbete som implementerade aktörer av ett projekt som polismyndigheten ansvarar över inom polisorganisationen i Colombia. Två resultatrapporter som skrivits av projektledaren efter projektets genomförande u

Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur befolkningen som är födda 1950 och äldre i Sverige upplevde sitt välmående, sin sociala situation (ensamhet), och sin självförmåga under rådande förutsättningar i Sverige under Covid-19-pandemin (Maj, 2020). Vidare undersöktes om dessa faktorer påverkades av upplevd oro fysisk hälsa, samt om det fanns skillnader mellan män och kvinnor. Undersökningen utföThis study investigates how the population born in 1950 and older in Sweden experienced their well-being, self-efficacy and loneliness during the covid-19 pandemic (May 2020), and to what degree those experiences are related to physical health, “pandemic anxiety” and gender. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted through a web-based survey that was distributed via convenience sampling

Since 1990, international election observers have been travelling the world to monitor and assess close to 1 500 elections in developing democracies. Although often championed as the primary tool of democracy promotion, little is still known about its immediate consequences. In this research, therefore, I explore the relationship between election observers' assessments and domestic electoral r

Varje aktieinvesterare måste, direkt eller indirekt, förhålla sig till portfölj diversifikation eller mer konkret frågan: "Hur många aktier skall jag investera i?". Forskningens svar på denna frågan är att det varierar mellan 10 till 300 stycken. Detta kan sättas i kontrast mot det faktum att 41.79 % av svenska aktiesparare år 2020 endast ägde en aktie. Den stora variationen inom forskFor every stock investor, the question of how many stocks to buy is fundamental. The recommendations from the literature is wide and ranges from 10 to over 300. As a contrast, 41.79% of Swedish shareholders held only one stock in year 2020. This thesis studies the Swedish stock market between 2011 and 2020 which to the authors knowledge not has been done before within the research space of Diversi

This paper aims to explore several aspects of municipal growth in a polycentric region. Firstly, and mainly, the future polycentric structure of villages in Kävlinge and Lomma municipalities. Secondly how the polycentric village structure may be affected by the newly re-opened passenger train track ‘Lommabanan’ that runs through both municipalities. And lastly what role the municipalities what to

According to most studies, the global democratic backsliding that started in 2006 cannot be linked to changes in the people's support for democracy. Instead, it is commonly asserted that political cultures around the world are heading in a more democratic direction. I challenge this claim. With combined data from the World Values Survey, the European Values Study, and Varieties of Democracy, I

Narratives about Europe are stories of shared European past, present and future, that provide meaning to the existence of the European Union and to the policy it pursues. In this thesis, narratives about Europe are analysed in nine State of the Union speeches, given by Commission presidents from 2010 to 2020, and situated in the theoretical framework of discursive institutionalism. A combination o

Yrkeslegitimationen inom hälso- och sjukvården anses utgöra en garanti för att den enskilde yrkesutövaren besitter den kompetens och de personliga egenskaper som krävs för yrket i fråga. En yrkesutövare (t.ex. en läkare) som inte bedöms vara lämplig för att få fortsätta sin yrkesutövning ska enligt 8 kap. 3 § patientsäkerhetslagen (2010:659), PSL, få sin legitimation återkallad av Hälso- och sjukvThere is a presumption that holding a professional license within the health care sector guarantees that the health care practitioner has the appropriate competence and personal qualities that are required for the specific medical profession. A health care practitioner (e.g. a medical doctor) who is no longer considered to be suitable to perform health and medical services shall, in accordance wit

Recently, we have witnessed an upsurge of right-wing populist parties in Europe. It is now clear how the rhetoric and politics of right-wing populist parties are normalized and thus move from the outer edge towards the center of politics. As early as 1991, New Democracy tried to establish itself in Swedish politics with a goal of reducing immigration and strengthening the country's security. T

Perovskitsolceller har blivit ett populärt forskningsområde eftersom de har haft en exceptionellt snabb utveckling i verkningsgrad under de senaste åren. Trots att perovskitbaserade solceller nu har nått verkningsgrader jämförbara med kiselsolceller, så återstår flera utmaningar för att möta solcellsmarknadens förväntningar för de applikationer där man hoppas att perovskiterna ska komplettera kiseOver the last few years there has been a steady increase in interest in the exploration of perovskite materials within photovoltaic research. This can to a large extent be attributed to the incredible pace at which solar cells based on perovskites have improved in efficiency during the same time period. Perovskite solar cells (SCs) are not only an alternative to today’s market leading silicon base

The aim of this study is to examine what differences there are in expressed values on the authoritarian-liberal scale of European right-wing parties in social issues. The point is to highlight possible differences between European populist right-wing parties and traditional right-wing parties. The method of the study is a descriptive idea analysis. This means that suggestions presented by the exam

The subject of this thesis is the relationship between post-liberalism and Christian democracy. The former an ideational current that has developed during the last decade, primarily in an Anglo-Saxon context, and the latter one of the most influential ideologies in Europe since WWII, yet surprisingly under-researched. Post-liberalism starts with a critique against liberalism, but some post-liberal