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• The Arctic is continuing to warm faster than any other region on Earth, but key uncertainties remain in our knowledge of the Arctic carbon cycle. • We review the most current knowledge pertaining to estimates of arctic greenhouse gas components and discuss uncertainties associated with these measurements and models. • While the Arctic Ocean is consistently estimated as a carbon sink, we have yet
IMPORTANCE: Chronic breathlessness is common in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Regular, low-dose, extended-release morphine may relieve breathlessness, but evidence about its efficacy and dosing is needed.OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of different doses of extended-release morphine on worst breathlessness in people with COPD after 1 week of treatment.DESIGN, SETTING
Background: In the laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure, the gastrojejunal stoma is constructed with either a circular (CSD) or a linear stapling device (LSD). The diameter of the stoma following stapling with the 21 mm CSD is expected to be approximately 12 mm (diameter of the anvil). Measuring the stoma diameter after linear stapling is a little more complex since the remaining openin
Biofilms are assemblages of sessile microorganisms that form an extracellular matrix around themselves and mediate attachment to surfaces. The major component of the extracellular matrix of Uropathogenic E. coli and other Enterobacteriaceae are curli fibers, making biofilms robust and resistant to antimicrobials. It is therefore imperative to screen antibiofilm compounds that can impair biofilm fo
Schlieren photography is widely used for visualizing phenomena within transparent media. The technique, which comes in a variety of configurations, is based on detecting or extracting the degree to which light is deflected whilst propagating through a sample. To date, high-speed schlieren videography can only be achieved using high-speed cameras, thus limiting the frame rate of such configurations
The multi-objective optimal power management of multi-microgrid systems is solved in this paper. Minimizing the total cost and emission of the system are considered as the objective functions. The multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm is applied on a multi-microgrid system that consists of four microgrids each includes diesel generators, wind turbines, photovoltaic units, battery,
Background: Preterm birth has been shown to cause various long-term health issues. Children who were born preterm have also been observed to have more dental behaviour management problems (DBMP) during dental examinations and treatment than children born full term. It is known that dental radiographic examinations can be uncomfortable and cause anxiety in paediatric patients. Thus, our aims were t
A phenomenological study of the isolated photon production in high energy pp and pA collisions at RHIC and LHC energies is performed. Using the color dipole formalism, we investigate the impact of the saturation effects on the production cross sections considering three different phenomenological models for the universal dipole cross section. Predictions for the rapidity dependence of the ratio of
Progressively stricter pollutant emission targets in international agreements have shifted the focus of combustion research to low carbon fuels. Ammonia is recognized as one of the promising energy vectors for next-generation power production. Due to the low flame speed and high auto-ignition temperature, ammonia is often burned with a high reactivity pilot fuel (e.g. diesel). However, chemical ki
There are urgent needs to evaluate different management techniques to improve groundwater quality. To maintain a good quality of groundwater in the Miyakonojo River Basin (MRB), Japan, the Nitrate Directive Plan (NDP) was implemented in 2004. To assess the efficiency of this plan, we performed multivariate times-series analyses on 26 years (1996–2021) of groundwater nitrate-nitrogen (NO3−-N) data
Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly infiltrating multiple areas in medicine, with gastrointestinal endoscopy paving the way in both research and clinical applications. Multiple challenges associated with the incorporation of AI in endoscopy are being addressed in recent consensus documents. Objectives: In the current paper, we aimed to map future challenges and areas of research fo
Background: Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is one of the most common neurosurgical disorders and the incidence is rising. The routine treatment is neurosurgical hematoma evacuation, which is associated with recurrence rates up to 10–25%. In recent years, endovascular embolization of the middle meningeal artery (eMMA) has garnered much attention due to recurrence rates as low as < 5%. Several ran
Background: The objective of the study was to investigate variability and agreement of the commonly used image processing method “n-SD from remote” and in particular for quantifying myocardial infarction by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). LGE-CMR in tandem with the analysis method “n-SD from remote” represents the current reference standard for infarct qu
Background: The aim of the study is to evaluate the overall accuracy of the surface-guided radiotherapy (SGRT) workflow through a comprehensive commissioning and quality assurance procedures and assess the potential benefits of deep-inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) radiotherapy as a cardiac and lung dose reduction approach for left-sided breast cancer irradiation. Materials and methods: Accuracy and
The test used for early detection and monitoring of prostate cancer—prostate-specific antigen (PSA)—is one of the most accurate and frequently used tumor markers in medicine today. No tumor marker has had such a critical impact on early detection through stage-migration, and monitoring after treatment for prostate cancer as the blood test PSA. This chapter provides an overview of the PSA test and
The categories and concepts in the existing official land-use maps have been under improvements over recent years; however, this study from Nordland, northern Norway, shows that they continue to pose several dilemmas when aiming to better capture the impacts of multiple land uses on reindeer herding. While these developments have done much to better communicate the presence of reindeer herding to
