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Effect of nitrite, limited reactive settler and plant design configuration on the predicted performance of simultaneous C/N/P removal WWTPs

This paper describes a modelling study where five new benchmark plant design configurations for biological nutrient removal (A(2)/O, UCT, JHB, MUCT and BDP-5 stage) are simulated and evaluated under different model assumptions. The ASM2d including electron dependent decay rates is used as the reference model (A1). The second case (A2) adds nitrite as a new state variable, describing nitrification

Monte carlo simulations of parallel charged platelets as an approach to tactoid formation in clay.

The free energy of interaction between parallel charged platelets with divalent counterions has been calculated using Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the electrostatic effects on aggregation. The platelets are primarily intended to represent clay particles. With divalent counterions, the free energy for two platelets or two tactoids (clusters of parallel platelets) shows a minimum at a shor

Second-hand exposure to tobacco smoke and its effect on disease activity in Swedish rheumatoid arthritis patients. Data from BARFOT, a multicentre study of rheumatoid arthritis

Objective. We studied the prevalence and effect on disease activity of ever having had second-hand exposure to tobacco smoke in Swedish rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who had never smoked. Methods. Between 1992 and 2005, 2,800 patients were included in the BARFOT early-RA study in Sweden. Disease Activity Score 28 joints (DAS28), C-reactive protein (CRP), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ),

Probing the acceptor substrate binding site of Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase with systematically modified substrates and glycoside libraries

Systematically modified octyl galactosides and octyl N-acetyllactosamines were assessed as inhibitors of, and substrates for, T. cruzi trans-sialidase (TcTS) in the context of exploring its acceptor substrate binding site. These studies show that TcTS, which catalyses the alpha-(2 -> 3)-sialylation of non-reducing terminal beta-galactose residues, is largely intolerant of substitution of the galac

Development of patient-centred standards of care for osteoarthritis in Europe: the eumusc.net-project.

The eumusc.net project is an initiative founded by the European Community and the European League Against Rheumatism. One aim of the project was to facilitate equal standards for musculoskeletal health across Europe. The aim of this work-package was to develop patient-centred and consensus based standards of care (SOC) for osteoarthritis (OA), which should be available in a professional and a pati

Flow structure and heat transfer in a square passage with offset mid-truncated ribs

The enhancement of heat transfer attributed from rib turbulators relative to the increased pressure drop in the channel is a crucial design parameter. Thus, the design of the truncated ribs (whose length is less than the passage width) provides options to address such cooling requirements when the pressure loss is a critical factor. Considering different types of truncated ribs, mid-truncated ribs

A Unified Discussion on Signal Filtering in PID Control

The major input signals entering the PID controller are: the setpoint, the process output, and measurable load disturbances. By feeding these signals through suitable filters, the properties of the feedback loop can be improved significantly. The goal of this paper is to provide a unified discussion about these filters. The paper treats set-point handling, feedforward from load disturbances, TITO

Estimating the gravity model without gravity using panel data

This article examines the effects of zero trade on the estimation of the gravity model using both simulated and real data with a panel structure, which is different from the more conventional cross-sectional structure. We begin by showing that the usual log-linear estimation method can result in highly deceptive inference when some observations are zero. As an alternative approach, we suggest usin

47,XXY Klinefelter syndrome: Clinical characteristics and age-specific recommendations for medical management

47,XXY (Klinefelter syndrome) is the most frequent sex chromosomal disorder and affects approximately one in 660 newborn boys. The syndrome is characterized by varying degrees of cognitive, social, behavioral, and learning difficulties and in adulthood additionally primary testicular failure with small testes, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, tall stature, and eunuchoid body proportions. The phenot

Sampling effort required to obtain repeatable average size estimates of juvenile fish

Larval and juvenile fish cohorts often have skewed size distributions due to inter-individual variation in growth rates. A resampling analysis was used to investigate how much sampling effort is required to achieve repeatable average size estimates in populations of juvenile yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi Valenciennes. One hundred juveniles (30 d post-hatch) were measured for total length and

Convergence of Synapses, Endosomes, and Prions in the Biology of Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Age-related misfolding and aggregation of disease-linked proteins in selective brain regions is a characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Although neuropathological aggregates that characterize these various diseases are found at sites other than synapses, increasing evidence supports the idea that synapses are where the pathogenesis begins. Understanding these diseases is hampered by our la

Stress-Laminated Timber Decks Subjected to Eccentric Loads in the Ultimate Limit State

Stress-laminated timber (SLT) bridge decks are generally designed using either linear hand calculation methods or linear finite-element models. Several studies have shown, however, that the behavior of SLT decks is nonlinear when loaded until failure. In this paper, several linear design methods are compared with one another and with an ultimate load test of a full-scale SLT deck subjected to an e

Adherence to the mediterranean diet and risk of breast cancer in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition cohort study

Epidemiological evidence suggests that the Mediterranean diet (MD) could reduce the risk of breast cancer (BC). As evidence from the prospective studies remains scarce and conflicting, we investigated the association between adherence to the MD and risk of BC among 335,062 women recruited from 1992 to 2000, in ten European countries, and followed for 11 years on average. Adherence to the MD was es