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Ethinyl estradiol, not progestogens, reduces lamotrigine serum concentrations

Purpose: To study the interaction between lamotrigine (LTG) and hormonal contraception. Methods: LTG serum concentrations of female patients using either no hormonal contraception (n = 18), an ethinyl estradiol (EE)-containing (n = 11), or a progestogen (PG)-only-containing compound (n = 16) were analyzed. Patients were recruited prospectively, and blood samples were drawn during drug fasting and

Lamotrigine in children and adolescents : The impact of age on its serum concentrations and on the extent of drug interactions

Objective: To investigate the impact of age and co-treatment with other drugs on the serum concentrations of lamotrigine in children and adolescents. Methods: A review of routine serum concentration measurements of lamotrigine performed in our laboratory yielded a total of 744 serum samples from 296 subjects (110 males, 186 females, age: 2-19 years) suitable for statistical analysis. The primary o

Adverse drug reactions of antidepressants and antipsychotics : Experience, knowledge and attitudes among Norwegian psychiatrists

Efficient prevention of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) requires knowledge about their severity and pharmacological mechanisms and is dependent on reliable data on their frequencies and possible risk factors. The study was conducted to investigate the prescribers' experience and understanding of the ADRs of psychotropic drugs, and their attitude towards reporting these. In a questionnaire, physician

Lamotrigine serum concentrations throughout the menstrual cycle - A study of 2 cases

OBJECTIVES: To measure the serum concentrations of lamotrigine throughout a complete menstrual cycle. METHODS: Serum concentrations of lamotrigine, estradiol, and progestogen throughout a menstrual cycle were measured in 2 young women not using hormonal contraception. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The physiological hormonal fluctuations during an ovulatory cycle were not associated with clinically rele

Serum concentration/dose ratio of levetiracetam before, during and after pregnancy

Purpose: To investigate changes in levetiracetam (LEV) serum concentration/dose ratio (C/D-ratio) in relation to pregnancy. Methods: Altogether 21 consecutive pregnancies in 20 women with epilepsy receiving LEV during gestation were studied retrospectively. The main target variable was the C/D-ratio before and during pregnancy, and in the post partum period. Secondary target variables were changes

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Background. In some situations, and particularly when intoxications are suspected, it would be advantageous if medicines and drugs of abuse could be swiftly detected in serum or urine. Material and methods. The Department of Clinical Pharmacology at St. Olav University Hospital has since 2004 been developing a comprehensive toxicology service (at all hours 7-days/week) for immediate quantitative a

Seizure control and pharmacokinetics of antiepileptic drugs in pregnant women with epilepsy

The main concerns associated with epilepsy during pregnancy consist of maternal and fetal risks from uncontrolled seizures, and harmful effects of the treatment on the development of the offspring. Although seizure control is maintained in the majority, worsening occurs in a fraction of childbearing women with epilepsy. As multiple factors associated with pregnancy may have a negative impact on ep

Serum concentration/dose ratio of topiramate during pregnancy

Purpose: To study the impact of pregnancy on the serum concentration/dose ratio (C/D-ratio) of topiramate (TPM). Methods: Twelve women with epilepsy using TPM during pregnancy, and 15 pregnancies were studied. The main target variable was the C/D-ratio at baseline and during pregnancy. Additional variables were changes in TPM dose, concomitant use of other antiepileptic drugs, seizure frequency, a

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After common belief the impairment of nerve conduction seen with multiple sclerosis has to do with uncovering of internodal potassium channels. Therefore, suitable potassium channel blockers like 5-methoxypsoralen can alleviate functional deficits due to multiple sclerosis. This has been demonstrated by single tests under well-defined laboratory conditions and by further clinical single trials. Wi

Reduction of MS-related scotomata by a new class of potassium channel blockers from ruta graveolens

The effects of the medicinal plant rue (Ruta graveolens L.) on MS-related visual-field defects was tested. In five of nine patients the scotomata were reduced by a single dose of an aqueous extract of 3 g of the drug; the effect was reversible, appearing after only about two hours and lasting for one to two days. There was no detectable action in four patients. In no case were undesirable side eff

Changes in renal microcirculation induced by infusion of (fe3)- and (fe2)-myoglobin during hemorrhagic hypotension in the anesthetized rat : Influence of l-name and 8-br-cyclic gMP

The effects of myoglobin on renal microcirculation were studied in anesthetized rats subjected to hemorrhagic hypotension. Capillary flow distribution was determined by allowing two dyes to circulate for 3 and 1 min, respectively, freezing the left kidney and quantifying the dye distribution in histological sections by analyzing the distances of regularly spaced test points to the next dye-labeled

Older People in Vulnerable Situations Ageing in Place in Sweden

Background. The debate about increased welfare and health service costs is well-known in relation to the growing ageing population. Over the past thirty years, ageing in place has been the guiding principle for policies concerning older people and housing in Sweden and other Western countries. Sweden is among the countries in the European Union and internationally whose populations have the longes

Pharma 4.0: A deep dive top management commitment to successful Lean 4.0 implementation in Ghanaian pharma manufacturing sector

The primary aim of this study is to assess the significance of top management commitment in the context of Lean 4.0 implementation within the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in Ghana. The study seeks to understand and evaluate the overall effectiveness and achievements associated with adopting Lean 4.0. Employing a positivist mindset, the research utilizes an explanatory quantitative researc

Tax incentives for cultural entrepreneurship

Governments encourage cultural entrepreneurship in various ways, including by so-called tax incentives. Tax incentives are tax benefits for certain persons or activities. Most well known in relation to cultural policy are tax incentives for donations. The design of these tax incentives varies between countries. Not only may domestic tax incentives for donations be important for cultural organizati

Staying or Moving ? Residential reasoning among older adults living in rural and urban disadvantaged areas

Disadvantaged areas may prompt or force older people to relocate due to a lack of services, the presence of crime, and area unattractiveness, but knowledge in this area is insufficient. The aim was to investigate whether older adults living in different types of disadvantaged areas in Sweden were considering moving away from the area, and to explore similarities and differences in underlying resid

Taleformer, taleändringar och rättskraft – En översikt

I civilprocessrätten är taleformerna, möjligheten att göra taleändringar och reglerna om rättskraft centrala, men de anses ofta svåröverskådliga. Här ges en översikt över rättsläget med fokus på de viktigaste frågorna. Bland annat behandlas när en prestation måste vara förfallen till fullgörelse för att en fullgörelsetalan ska kunna väckas, hur förutsättningarna för att väcka en fastställelsetalan