We propose a rational fabrication method for nanoimprinting moulds by scanning probe lithography. By wet chemical etching, different kinds of moulds are realized on Si( 110) and Si( 100) surfaces according to the Si crystalline orientation. The structures have line widths of about 200 nm with a high aspect ratio. By reactive ion etching, moulds with patterns free from the limitation of Si crystall

Editorial of Film International issue 38: Crime Film & TV

The present study examined the influences of the muscle contraction (MCP) and relaxation (MRP) phases, as well as systole and diastole, on the blood velocity profile and flow in the conduit artery at different dynamic muscle contraction forces. Eight healthy volunteers performed one-legged dynamic knee-extensor exercise at work rates of 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 W at 60 contractions per minute. The ti

Insulin stimulation of adipocytes results in serine phosphorylation/activation of phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE 3B) and activation of a kinase that phosphorylates PDE 3B in vitro, key events in the antilipolytic action of this hormone. We have investigated the role for p70 S6 kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases), and protein kinase B (PKB) in the insulin signaling pathway leading to

Molecularly imprinted polymer coatings were synthesized in fused-silica capillary columns by the use of a surface-coupled radical initiator. The coatings were prepared using either toluene, dichloromethane, or acetonitrile in the prepolymerization mixtures and were 0.15-2 microm thick as determined by scanning electron microscopy. Solvent-dependent differences in appearance were observed. All the

The regulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) mRNA levels during kindling epileptogenesis in the rat brain was investigated using in situ hybridization. Following 40 rapidly recurring seizures evoked by hippocampal stimulations, NOS mRNA expression decreased by 56% in the dentate granule cell layer (maximum at 2 h) and increased by 420,105 and 1260% in the CA1 and CA3 pyramidal layers and

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5) has been identified as one of the kinases that phosphorylates tau at several Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated sites. Cdk5 is predominantly expressed in neurons, and has higher activity in AD brains than in non-demented brains. To investigate the effect of the CDK5 gene on AD, we analyzed an SNP of the CDK5 gene (rs2069456) in 347 patients with AD and in 157 cont

We demonstrate the growth of InSb-based nanowire heterostructures by metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy and use it to integrate InSb on extremely lattice-mismatched III-V nanowire templates made of InAs, InP, and GaAs. Influence of temperature, V/III ratio, and diameter are investigated in order to investigate the growth rate and morphology. The range of growth temperatures used for InSb nanowire g

Speakers were asked to provide quantitative data on the performance of different xylose- (or, in one instance, arabinose-) fermenting strains in laboratory media and, where possible, in "industrial" media prepared by hydrolysis of native lignocellulosic substrates. The data provided are presented in Table 1, which gives an indication of the performance of the various strains but should not be take

In order to obtain a wide set of test cases for numerical methods to solve Smoluchowski's coagulation equation the exact solutions for the constant, sum or product kernel, with gamma distributions as initial size spectra, are generalized by allowing size distributions with a singularity at zero volume. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Inc.

We investigated whether IL1RN alleles separately or in combination with MHC class II variants, contribute to susceptibility to SLE and to analysed if IL1RN alleles are markers of disease severity. We investigated 81 patients from a defined area in southern Sweden diagnosed between 1981-1992 and 10 consecutive Caucasian families with multiple cases of SLE. As control group 189 healthy blood donors

The pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) remains unknown. It is thought to be due to an abnormal and uncontrolled immune response to normally occurring constituents of the intestine. Microbial agents appear to be involved in the pathogenesis and intestinal bacteria seem to be an important factor in the development and chronicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the colonic microbiota o

A capillary force filling microsystem consisting of a chip-integrated solid-phase microextraction (SMEC) array and a microdispenser for sample purification and trace enrichment of peptides is described. The microextraction array was loaded with solid-phase media (50 mum Poros R2 beads) for purification and enrichment of proteomic samples. Samples bound to the SMEC were eluted in a volume of 200 nL

Epigenetics is a term that has changed its meaning with the increasing biological knowledge on developmental processes. However, its current application to stem cell biology is often imprecise and is conceptually problematic. This article addresses two different subjects, the definition of epigenetics and chromatin states of stem and differentiated cells. We describe mechanisms that regulate chrom

A method for preparation of Ag core/Au shell nanoparticles with tunable surface plasma resonance (SPR) band was presented and studied. It was found that the tunable SPR band could be significantly conducted and achieved by laser ablation to Au plate in Ag colloidal solution, leading to the formation of Ag core/Au shell structure by the deposition of Au atoms on the surface of Ag nanoparticles. Dep