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Objectives: This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows:. To assess the effects of higher − compared with standard − initial doses of surfactant in high-risk preterm infants and preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome.
BACKGROUND: Risk of bias (RoB) assessment is an essential part of systematic reviews that requires reading and understanding each eligible trial and RoB tools. RoB assessment is subject to human error and is time-consuming. Machine learning-based tools have been developed to automate RoB assessment using simple models trained on limited corpuses. ChatGPT is a conversational agent based on a large
BACKGROUND: Many poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent and have long half-lives in the human body. However, there are limited data on the different routes of elimination. Most pharmacokinetic models assume that the urinary route dominates.OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to investigate the relative importance of fecal and urinary elimination for linear perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (L-P
Background and Hypothesis: To clarify, in a large, representative, longitudinal sample, the rate and predictors of diagnostic conversion from Bipolar Disorder (BD) to Schizophrenia (SZ) and from SZ→BD. Design: From individuals born in Sweden 1950–1995 and living there in 1970 or later, we identified at least one initial diagnoses of SZ (n = 8449) and BD (n = 8438) followed for a minimum of 10 and
Objectives: To investigate the risk of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), in relation to the primary NMIBC tumour risk categories, calendar time trends and intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) treatment. Patient and methods: All patients with primary NMIBC diagnosed 1997–2019 registered in Bladder Cancer Data base Swe
Vertebrate photoreceptors have been studied for well over a century, but a fixed nomenclature for referring to orthologous cell types across diverse species has been lacking. Instead, photoreceptors have been variably—and often confusingly—named according to morphology, presence/absence of ‘rhodopsin’, spectral sensitivity, chromophore usage, and/or the gene family of the opsin(s) they express. He
Background Functional Somatic Disorders (FSD) and Internalizing Psychiatric Disorders (IPD) are frequently comorbid and likely share familial/genetic risk factors. Methods We performed a Common Factor Multivariate Analysis of 2 FSDs, Fibromyalgia (FM) and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), and two IPDs, Major Depression (MD) and Anxiety Disorders (AD), in five kinds of Swedish female-female relative
Key questions for understanding hippocampal function in memory and navigation in humans are the type and source of visual information that reaches the human hippocampus. We measured bidirectional pairwise effective connectivity with functional magnetic resonance imaging between 360 cortical regions while 956 Human Connectome Project participants viewed scenes, faces, tools, or body parts. We devel
Majorana modes can be engineered in arrays where quantum dots (QDs) are coupled via grounded superconductors, effectively realizing an artificial Kitaev chain. Minimal Kitaev chains, composed by two QDs, can host fully localized Majorana modes at discrete points in parameter space, known as Majorana sweet spots. Unlike grounded superconductors, where the superconducting phase is a conserved quantu
In this manuscript, we create a new hetero dyad consisting of two electron acceptors with nearly isoenergetic HOMO and LUMO levels, namely perylene diimide (PDI) and aza dioxa triangulenium (ADOTA). This dyad system displays an unusual and reversible excited state electron transfer process. Upon excitation, the dyad shows complete energy transfer from the locally excited PDI to the ADOTA moiety in
Background: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and the Folate Leucovorin (LV) form the chemotherapy backbone for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Tumoral expression of specific folate-associated genes is associated with the risk of recurrence in stage III CRC following adjuvant 5-FU/LV (FLV)-based combination chemotherapy according to the Nordic bolus regimen. The aim was to evaluate whether expression of
Background and ObjectivesSurvival estimates for individuals with Alzheimer disease (AD) are informative to understand the disease trajectory, but precise estimates for atypical AD variants are scarce. Atypical AD variants are characterized by nonamnestic phenotypes, an early onset, and lower prevalence of APOEϵ4 carriership, which affect the AD trajectory. We aimed to provide survival estimates fo
Intercalation is a robust approach for modulating the properties of epitaxial graphene on SiC and stabilizing two-dimensional intercalant layers at the graphene/SiC interface. In this paper, we present synchrotron-based angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements focusing on the band structure of intercalated Pb under a single layer of epitaxial graphene. The interlayer Pb exhib
A diet low in fermentable oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) is an established treatment for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The starch- and sucrose-reduced diet (SSRD) is a newer, promising diet. Nutrients influence the production of gut hormones, which affect gastrointestinal motility. This study aimed to investigate the changes in copeptin, leptin, PAI-1, C-peptide, and insul
Analogical reasoning is a form of non-deductive reasoning that gives special weight to similarity considerations. Here, we pursue an approach to formalizing this type of reasoning that was initiated by Carnap in posthumously published work. In it, Carnap abandoned his long-time project of trying to define inductive and analogical reasoning syntactically and introduced attribute spaces to model the
Microbial biofilm formation can contribute to the accelerated deterioration of steel-reinforced concrete structures and significantly impact their service life, making it critical to understand the diversity of the biofilm community and prevailing processes in these habitats. Here, we analyzed 16S rRNA gene amplicon and metagenomics sequencing data to study the abundance and diversity of nitrifier
This paper describes the evaluation of newly created pedagogical programs for early-career educators delivered by academic developers (ADs) in two universities in Central Europe. Initially conceived as an evaluation of the program’s effectiveness, iterative analysis led to acknowledgment of the importance of context for the impact of these programs. We recognize prevalent educational choice archit
We report the discovery of TOI-3493 b, a sub-Neptune-sized planet on an 8.15-d orbit transiting the bright (V=9.3) G0 star HD 119355 (aka TIC 203377303) initially identified by NASA's TESS space mission. With the aim of confirming the planetary nature of the transit signal detected by TESS and determining the mass of the planet, we performed an intensive Doppler campaign with the HARPS spectrograp
Background: The textile dye mix (TDM) 6.6% in petrolatum contains Disperse Blue (DB) 35, Disperse Yellow 3, Disperse Orange (DO) 1 and 3, Disperse Red 1 and 17, and DB 106 and 124. The most frequent allergen in TDM-positive patients is DO 3. Around 85% of para-phenylenediamine (PPD)-allergic dermatitis patients have been positive to DO 3. There has been a discussion to exclude DO 3 from TDM 6.6% b
Hydrogen migration is a ubiquitous phenomenon upon dissociation of organic molecules. Here we investigate the formation of a H3O+ fragment after core-level photoionization and Auger decay in aminobenzoic acid molecules - a process that requires the migration of at least two hydrogen atoms. Using photoelectron-photoion coincidence spectroscopy, the formation of a H3O+ fragment is observed to be mor
