Three types of oxygenase biocatalysts are treated in detail in this review: the non-haem iron alkene mono-oxygenases, the haem and vanadium haloperoxidases, and flavin-based Baeyer-Villiger mono-oxygenases. Other oxygenases are briefly included for comparison. Characteristics of the biocatalysts are presented, and the scope and limitations concerning their applicability for the selective introduct

We study agents situated in partially observable environments, who do not have the resources to create conformant plans. Instead, they create conditional plans which are partial, and learn from experience to choose the best of them for execution. Our agent employs an incomplete symbolic deduction system based on Active Logic and Situation Calculus for reasoning about actions and their consequences

A new, robust technique for preparing highly selective molecularly imprinted films (see Figure) is presented. Spin-coating is used to spread a pre-polymerization mixture on a substrate, which is subsequently cured with UV light. Important aspects of this technique include the use of a novel polymeric porogen dissolved in a low-volatility solvent to generate porous morphologies with enhanced bindin

Bark necrosis and resin flows in Norway spruce have increased in southern Sweden over the last few decades. Frost damage late in spring has been suggested as a possible cause, but other factors besides the climate may have contributed to the damage. The nutrient status influences the hardening processes and plants with poor nutritional conditions have an increased sensitivity to frost. In this stu

In a previous study we have shown that correction of peripheral refractive errors can improve the remaining vision of subjects with large central visual field loss. Measuring peripheral refractive errors with traditional methods is often difficult due to low visual acuity and large aberrations. Therefore a Hartmann-Shack sensor has been designed to measure peripheral wave front aberrations in subj

nterventional procedures in MRI can be performed preclinically using active or passive catheter-tracking methods. A novel passive nonproton technique is suggested that uses a catheter filled with a hyperpolarized C-13 contrast agent. A prototype three-lumen catheter was built with two closed lumens containing a flowing hyperpolarized C-13 contrast agent. Entire-length C-13 catheter projection visu

In some patients Escherichia coli strains establish significant bacteriuria without causing symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI). These asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) strains have been shown to express fewer virulence factors than the uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strains that cause severe, symptomatic UTI. Paradoxically, ABU strains carry many typical UPEC virulence genes, however, and the mo

Migratory birds use celestial and geomagnetic directional information to orient on their way between breeding and wintering areas. Cue-conflict experiments involving these two orientation cue systems have shown that directional information can be transferred from one system to the other by calibration. We designed experiments with four species of North American songbirds to: (1) examine whether th

Individuals (n = 18) in remission from acute leukemia or highly malignant lymphoma were asked to narrate their lived experience of falling ill, of being under treatment, and life following this event. The transcribed texts were analyzed from a phenomenological-hermeneutic perspective, expanded by their medical and social history as related in interviews. The analysis revealed 3 themes: (I) Believe

A procedure for obtaining quantitative wave and morphodynamic data in a laboratory setting using video images has been developed. The steps include image capture, rectification, and data extraction. All the necessary steps were maintained within the MATLAB environment so the process was streamlined and large amounts of data processed. The procedure involves the use of a program to rectify images,

OBJECTIVE: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune rheumatic disease often clustered in families. We investigated the association between MHC haplotypes and SLE in multicase Caucasian families. METHODS: Ten consecutive families with 2 or more patients with SLE, in total 27 patients among 66 individuals, were studied. MHC haplotypes were determined by typing for HLA-A, B, C, DR, and DQ

Changes in Faroese land surfaces during the late Holocene reflect intimate interactions between cultural and environmental development. Analyses of fossil wood, pollen and plant macrofossils indicate that the present open landscape replaced shrubby vegetation that was present from c. 6000 BC Up to c. AD 660. Conditions altered during the late Holocene, with loss of woody vegetation and increasing

The complex 2,6-bis[(di-t-butylphosphino)methyl]phenyl allyl palladium ((PCPPd)-Pd-tBu-allyl, 3) reacts with CO2 in a very fast insertion reaction to give the corresponding butenoate complex. The reaction is thought to occur via a cyclic six-membered transition state (7), where the gamma-carbon of the allyl group is linked up with the CO2-carbon. A group of related PCP complexes were investigated

We have earlier shown that the rat neural progenitor cell line HiB5 is capable of suppressing intracranial growth of glioma cells in Fisher rats. Unlike some neural progenitor cells, HiB5 cells have not shown homing capacity towards glioma cells growing intracranially. In this study, we have genetically modified HiB5 progenitor cells to over-express the chemokine receptor CXCR3. We show that the i

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease linked to the misfolding of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1). ALS-related defects in SOD1 result in a gain of toxic function that coincides with aberrant oligomerization. The structural events triggering oligomerization have remained enigmatic, however, as is the case in other protein-misfolding diseases. Here, we target the criti

Breast cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 are tumour suppressor genes the alleles of which have to be inactivated before tumour development occurs. Hereditary breast cancers linked to germ-line mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes almost invariably show allelic imbalance (Al) at the respective loci. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are believed to take part in a common pathway in maintenance of genomic inte

The difference between a presumed distribution of flamelet position and a numerically simulated distribution of distance function (a signed distance to flamelet) is investigated. It is shown that even if the distribution of flamelet position is symmetrical and close to Gaussian, the distribution of distance function away from the mean flame position is skewed towards the mean position and the mean

Physiological integration between ramets is beneficial when acquiring heterogeneously distributed resources, and is hypothesized to occur when the benefits of resource sharing outweigh the costs. Our aim was to investigate if resource availability affected physiological integration in Carex arenaria and Carex disticha. Ramet systems were grown in high potassium and high water (K+ W+), high K and l

Alpha1-microglobulin (alpha1m) is a small glycoprotein with immunomodulatory properties. It is a member of the lipocalin family, a group of proteins that exhibit a well-conserved three-dimensional structure despite low sequence identity and that are known to bind small hydrophobic ligands. The types of ligands carried by alpha1m are still unknown, but it is known that this protein has yellow-brown