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Flerstegsklausuler anger att avtalsparter ska lösa tvister i olika steg. Fler-stegsklausulens försteg kan exempelvis ange att parterna i första hand ska lösa tvister genom medling. Klausulen avslutas alltid med ett slutsteg som föreskriver att parterna antingen får lösa tvister genom allmän domstol eller skiljeförfarande. Denna uppsats undersöker om civilrättsliga påföljder kan aktualiseras om en Multi-tiered clauses state that the parties shall resolve disputes in certain steps. For example, the first step of the multi-tiered clause may state that the parties should first resolve disputes through mediation. The last step of the clause always stipulates that the parties may either resolve disputes through general court or arbitration. This essay examines whether civil law sanctions can be

Dispositionsprincipen är en grundläggande princip i svensk processrätt. Prin-cipen innebär att rätten endast ska eller får företa en viss processhandling på yrkande av en eller båda parterna. Principen gäller i såväl domstolsprocesser som i skiljetvister. I svensk processrätt kommer dispositionsprincipen främst till uttryck i 17 kap. 3 § rättegångsbalken, vilken i första meningen föreskri-ver att The principle of party-disposition is a fundamental principle in Swedish pro-cedural law. The principle means that the court should only undertake a cer-tain procedural action upon the request of one or both parties. This principle applies to both court proceedings and arbitration disputes. In Swedish pro-cedural law, the principle of party-disposition is primarily expressed in Chapter 17, Section

Den traditionella upphovsrätten möter utmaningar i samband med intåget av artificiell intelligens (AI) som en aktör på den kreativa marknaden. Bara ett knapptryck bort finns idag enorma kreativa möjligheter, vilket gör det möjligt för vem som helst att bli en enastående konstnär. Det nuvarande upphovsrättsliga regelverket saknar dock uttryckliga riktlinjer för hantering av AI-genererade verk. Det The traditional Swedish copyright law faces challenges with the arrival of artificial intelligence (AI) in the creative market. In just one click, incredible creative possibilities await, enabling anyone with a bit of imagination to become an extraordinary artist. However, the current framework of Swedish copyright law (‘upphovsrättslagen’) lacks explicit guidelines for handling AI- generated work

Dagens byggbransch har problem med att effektivt förvandla erfarenheter till kunskap som används till att driva mer produktiva byggprojekt. Byggherren spelar en central roll i hur byggprojekt utformas och genomförs och har därmed stora möjligheter att påverka byggbranschens arbetssätt och normer. En stor del av byggbranschens projektkostnader utgörs av felkostnader, något som primärt är byggherren

Bakgrund: Det finns mycket forskning som belyser vikten av god kommunikation vid överrapportering av patienter från olika enheter och mellan arbetspass. Många av de fel som begås inom sjukvården är kopplade till brister i kommunikationen. Ett riskmoment för att drabbas av vårdskada är bristande överrapportering av patienter mellan vårdpersonal Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka sjuksköterskors uppleBackground: There is a lot of research that highlights the importance of good communication when handover patients from different units and between work shifts. Many of the errors committed in healthcare are due to deficiencies in communication. A risk factor for suffering a health care injury is a lack of communication during handover of patients between health care personnel Aim: The aim was to

Sweden has a high number of bomb shelters per capita when compared to other nations. After the end of the cold war, Sweden began to construct bomb shelters and continued to increase their number until 2002. However, because Sweden has not experienced a crisis or war since then, these bomb shelters have aged and some are even past their due date. Formerly, it was determined that other countries co

Values are a crucial aspect of human–nature relationships, and they play important roles in policies on land use and environmental management. However, our current decision-making systems tend to take inadequate account of the diversity of values associated with human relationships with nature. Instrumental, monetary values dominate the political systems following the Western neoliberal hegemony.

In recent years, carbon dioxide removals have gained significant attention as a potential solution to address the climate crisis, and the IPCC considers it an important component of staying within 1.5 degrees of warming. Start-ups are actively working to translate theoretical approaches into tangible biophysical actions. Many of these start-ups offer their services as carbon credits, which allow c

Under de senaste åren har en ny invändning i våldtäktsmål uppkommit i de svenska domstolarna; sexsomniinvändningen. Med denna invändning påstår försvarssidan att den sexuella handlingen har begåtts i sömnen, vilket medför avsaknad av medvetenhet och uppsåt. I brottsbalken stadgas att om inget annat är föreskrivet är en gärning endast ett brott om den företas med uppsåt. Om åklagaren inte lyckas moIn recent years, a new objection in rape cases has arisen in the Swedish courts; the sexsomnia objection. With this objection, the defense claims that the sexual act was committed during sleep, leading to the perpetrator lacking awareness and intent. The Swedish Criminal Code stipulates that, unless otherwise prescribed, an act is only a crime if committed with intent. Granted that the prosecutor

This thesis presents the design and implementation of a Geographic Information System (GIS) for the Naoussa Municipality Water and Sewer Company for better water utility management. The methodology contained field data collection like the valves, sewer manholes, hydrometers, and hydrants in two ways, UAV photogrammetry, and traditional surveying, the georeferencing process, photogrammetric proces

This study delves into Systembolaget's advertising campaign "Experten" to investigate its influence on public perception and cultural identity. Launched in 2015, the campaign successfully bolstered trust in Systembolaget by 14 percentage points. Employing qualitative content analysis and multimodal semiotic analysis, this thesis explores expert and public opinions of the adverts, aim

This thesis analyzes the effects of mountain tourism on local people and communities in Nepal with a focus on three main questions: the equity of mountain jobs, the impacts of Western mountaineering’s dominance on local cultures, and the respect and lack of respect for local workers' lives. Despite repeated accounts of precarious and dangerous working conditions the adventure and mountain tour

As electrification of vehicles moves past its infancy and large-scale adoption of the technology becomes reality, application areas within different industries need to be scrutinized. The shift within the transportation sector, especially trucking, can have unidentified economic benefits; which is the focus of this thesis. The purpose of this thesis is to develop a decision model with regard to th

Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka hur den internationella humanitära rätten (IHL) ska tillämpas vid cyberkrigföring enligt tolkningen i Tallinnmanualen 2.0. Undersökningen omfattar distinktionsprincipen samt distinktionen mellan civila och kombattanter. Vidare redogör uppsatsen för olika utvecklingsmöjligheter som föreslagits och diskuterats i doktrin och av internationella organisationer. AvslutnThe aim of the essay is to examine the interpretation in the Tallinn Manual 2.0 on how the international humanitarian law (IHL) should be applied on cyber warfare. The examination consist of the principle of distinction and the distinction between civilians and combatants. Further, the essay will introduce different possible suggestions on development proposed and discussed in doctrine and by inte

The production, use and trade of hydrogen fuels as an energy medium across different sectors – the hydrogen economy – is being articulated as a vision of the future by various global energy actors. Hydrogen’s spatio-temporal profile makes it suitable to integrate into the fossil fuel landscape and reproducing the economic power embedded within it. Through a thematic analysis of documents shaping t

Makar har möjlighet att reglera sina egendomsförhållanden i händelse av skilsmässa, genom ett äktenskapsförord. Ett äktenskapsförord kan, vid tidpunkten för bodelning, framstå som oskäligt för den ena maken. Denne kan i sådana fall åberopa bestämmelsen om jämkning av oskäliga äktenskapsförord i 12 kap. 3 § äktenskapsbalken (1987:230) (ÄktB). Nyare rättspraxis rörande bestämmelsen om jämkning av äkSpouses have the opportunity to regulate their economical relations in case of a divorce, through a prenuptial contract. The contract could, at the time of the partition, appear as inequitable for one of the spouses. In such cases can that spouse invoke the provision on adjustment of prenuptial contracts in chapter 12 section 3 of the Swedish Marriage Code (1987:230). There’s yet a lack of recent

This paper is a cross-country study on how national culture affects institutional private equity and venture capital investments in Europe and is based on the previous works of Groh, Liechtenstein and Lieser (2010) and Hofstede, Hofstede and Minkov (2011). We argue that national culture affects capital allocation and that this parameter is often missing in the contemporary discourse on the drivers

Why do we in the Western part of world today tend to believe in technology’s mythical promises rather than in folklore myths? Imaginaries of the future influence political subjects’ actions in the present and play a key role in composing the trajectory towards the future. I have critically applied this notion to the implementation of negative emission technologies in the climate-neutrality strateg

Modern human animals’ relationship with Nature is damaged and damaging. An emotional and physical separation is at play in this broken bond, with footwear literally and metaphorically embodying the disunion between spirit and body. This research explores how North Atlantic populations can use barefooting to support the healing of human animal connection with Nature, leading to pro-environmental be

Barnfridsbrottet infördes för att stärka det straffrättsliga skyddet för barn som bevittnar brott mellan närstående. Även om rättsväsendet i och med den nya regleringen har fått verktyg att synliggöra och hjälpa dessa barn, finns en faktor som resulterar i en särbehandling av dem i rättstillämpningen. Denna faktor utgörs av lagrummets närståenderekvisit, som kräver att det utsatta barnet ska vara This thesis presents the new offense that was introduced in order to strengthen the protection of children who witness certain crimes committed between relatives or other persons whom the child can be considered to have an emotional attachment to. Even though the criminalisation has enabled the legal system to identify and assist these children to a greater extent, a factor remains which results i