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Presumptive horizontal symbiont transmission in the fungus-growing termite Macrotermes natalensis

All colonies of the fungus-growing termite Macrotermes natalensis studied so far are associated with a single genetically variable lineage of Termitomyces symbionts. Such limited genetic variation of symbionts and the absence of sexual fruiting bodies (mushrooms) on M. natalensis mounds would be compatible with clonal vertical transmission, as is known to occur in Macrotermes bellicosus. We invest

Solid-state characteristics and redispersible properties of powders formed by spray-drying and freeze-drying cereal dispersions of varying (1→3,1→4)--glucan content

Cereal powders containing 33, 18 and 4% (w/w) (1→3,1→4)--glucan, prepared from cereal suspensions, had distinct differences in surface morphology as observed by scanning electron microscopy, depending both on the drying process (spray- or freeze-drying) and the dietary fibre level. Freeze-drying produced powders with a ‘flake-like’ matrix, without particle formation and similar matrix morphology i

Familiarity or conceptual priming – event-related potentials in name recognition

Recent interest has been drawn to the separate components of recognition memory, as studied by event-related potentials (ERPs). In ERPs, recollection is usually accompanied by a late, parietal positive deflection. An earlier, frontal component has been suggested to be a counterpart, accompanying recognition by familiarity. However, this component, the FN400, has alternatively been suggested to ref

Sternal stability at different negative pressures during vacuum-assisted closure therapy

Background. Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) is a widely used therapy in patients with poststernotomy mediastinitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate sternal stability during VAC application at seven negative pressures (-50 to -200 mm Hg) in a porcine wound model. Methods. Six pigs underwent median sternotomy and 2 steel wires were fixed at each sternal side and connected to a traction device. T

Experimental and theoretical comparison of spatially resolved laser-induced incandescence (LII) signals of soot in backward and right-angle configuration

In-situ measurements of soot volume fraction in the exhausts of jet engines can be carried out using the laser-induced incandescence (LII) technique in backward configuration, in which the signal is detected in the opposite direction of the laser beam propagation. In order to improve backward LII for quantitative measurements, we have in this work made a detailed experimental and theoretical inves

Relation between plasma homocysteine and Alzheimer's disease.

OBJECTIVE: Several studies have shown that plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration is elevated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it is not clear whether elevated plasma tHcy is a primary cause or a consequence of AD. METHOD: To elucidate this question, we have analysed plasma homocysteine and its determinants in patients with early (EOAD)- and late-onset AD (LOAD) and compared the findi

Is there an increase in second brain tumours after surgery and irradiation for a pituitary tumour?

Objective To assess the incidence of second brain tumours in patients operated and irradiated for pituitary tumours. Design and patients The study base consisted of a consecutive series of 325 patients operated and irradiated for pituitary tumours, excluding patients with acromegaly and Cushing's disease. Comparison was made with the general population from the same catchment area as the patients.

A 7400-year tree-ring chronology in northern Swedish Lapland: natural climatic variability expressed on annual to millennial timescales

Tree-ring widths from 880 living, dry dead, and subfossil northern Swedish pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) have been assembled into a continuous and precisely dated chronology (the Tornetrask chronology) covering the period 5407 BC to AD 1997. Biological trends in the data were removed with autoregressive standardization (ARS) to emphasize year-to-year variability, and with regional curve standardizat

Agricultural performance on marginal land in Eastern Inner Mongolia, China -- Development in the pre- and post-1978 reform periods

Rapid economic development in the aftermath of the Chinese post-1978 reforms has resulted in a shrinking of grain grown area in the southern and eastern regions of the country which in turn is believed to have put the marginal northern regions under increased pressure. This paper examines key indicators of agricultural performance as well as cultivated land area development of the pre- and post-19

Competition and facilitation within and between a snail and a mayfly larva and the effect on the grazing process

We studied the competitive effects within and between two taxonomically distant freshwater herbivores, a snail and a mayfly, common in Swedish lakes, Lymnaea peregra and Cloeon dipterum, respectively, and their effect on grazing in a laboratory experiment. The experimental set-up consisted of 2-l aquaria, each containing a periphyton covered tile. Intra- and interspecific effects were tested by in

Fiscal policy in Sweden: effects of EMU criteria convergence

This paper investigates the sustainability of Swedish fiscal policy performed during the period 1963-2000. The main emphasis is on assessing the effects of changes in fiscal policy, such as changes in taxes or public spending. On the basis of Johansen's VAR and the augmented Granger causality tests, the results show that taxes and spending are causally related in the long-run and the homogeneity c

Novel expression and transcriptional regulation of FoxJ1 during oro-facial morphogenesis

Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) patients with PITX2 point mutations exhibit a wide range of clinical features including mild craniofacial dysmorphism and dental anomalies. Identifying new PITX2 targets and transcriptional mechanisms are important to understand the molecular basis of these anomalies. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrate PITX2 binding to the FoxJ1 promoter and PITX2C tran

Quality of life in depression and anxiety

Depression and anxiety disorders are recognized as major public health problems with substantial personal, economic and social burden on those afflicted and their families. Despite this the development of quality of life research has been rather slow in the field but it is evident both from epidemiological and clinical studies that persons with major depression have a substantially lower subjectiv

Ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase expression during the cell cycle of Chinese hamster ovary cells

Cells in mitosis were harvested from exponentially growing Chinese hamster ovary cells by the mitotic detachment technique. Immediately after harvesting, the mitotic cells were seeded in tissue culture flasks and incubated at 37 degrees C in a CO2 incubator. Care was taken not to perturb the progression of cells through the cell cycle. At every hour after seeding for 14 h, cells were collected for

A validated decision model for treating the anaemia of myelodysplastic syndromes with erythropoietin plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor: significant effects on quality of life

We have published previously a prototype of a decision model for anaemic patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), in which transfusion need and serum erythropoietin (S-Epo) were used to define three groups with different probabilities of erythroid response to treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) + Epo. S-Epo less than or equal to 500 U/l and a transfusion need of < 2

Effect of meteorological exchange conditions on PM10 concentration

The short-term limit value for PM10 having become effective in January 2005 was exceeded in many regions within the EU in 2005 and 2006. Therefore, strategies, particularly with respect to traffic control, are discussed, which could cause reduced PM10 concentrations leading to a more effective compliance with the short-term PM10 limit value. These strategies are often justified on PM10 differences