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Testing the personality differentiation by intelligence hypothesis in a representative sample of Swedish hexagenerians
The Personality Differentiation by Intelligence Hypothesis (PDIH) predicts larger trait-variances, and smaller across-trait covariances for individuals with higher intelligence. We tested these predictions using multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses (MG-CFA), while controlling for the potential confound of systematic method variance related to reversed items using a correlated trait, correla
Internet-delivered approach-avoidance conflict task shows temporal stability and relation to trait anxiety
Excessive avoidance causes functional impairment and maintains anxiety disorders. In the laboratory, approach-avoidance conflict tasks (AACT) can be used to study approach-avoidance behavior in mixed outcome situations (i.e., the same behavior entails both aversive and rewarding consequences). We tested the feasibility of a novel, internet-delivered AACT (iAACT) by conceptually replicating results
In situ tempering of martensite during laser powder bed fusion of Fe-0.45C steel
During laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), materials experience cyclic re-heating as new layers are deposited, inducing an in situ tempering effect. In this study, the effect of this phenomenon on the tempering of martensite during L-PBF was examined for Fe-0.45C steel. Detailed scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atom probe tomography, and hardness measurements indicated
Laser Doppler flowmetry evaluation of skin microvascular endothelial function in patients with metabolic syndrome
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and endothelial dysfunction is an early pathogenetic event in the MetS. Lifestyle changes and pharmacological intervention might partly restore endothelial function in MetS. Whereas an optimal non-invasive test for endothelial dysfunction is still being sought, the aim of this study was to assess
Small measures, large change : the promise and peril of incremental urbanism
Smart cities, knowledge generation and the enduring pursuit of urban innovation
2-loop short-distance constraints for the g − 2 HLbL
The recent experimental measurement of the muon g−2 at Fermilab National Laboratory, at a 4.2σ tension with the Standard Model prediction, highlights the need for further improvements on the theoretical uncertainties associated to the hadronic sector. In the framework of the operator product expansion in the presence of a background feld, the short-distance behaviour of the hadronic light-by-light
Decision support tool to mitigate ship-induced erosion in non-uniform, sheltered coastal fairways
The negative impact of maritime traffic in terms of shore erosion in sheltered coastal fairways can be mitigated by sustainable fairway management. Mitigation measures include regulating the ship traffic in terms of speed, routes, or size of ships, but can also involve erosion protection along a fairway. For effective shoreline management of a fairway, it is essential to predict ship waves, to ide
The record of early Silurian climate changes from South China and Baltica based on integrated conodont biostratigraphy and isotope chemostratigraphy
New conodont and stable isotope data are presented from the classical Baizitian section in the Yanbian County of Sichuan Province, South China. The Telychian to Sheinwoodian strata were sampled and studied for carbon isotope stratigraphy and conodont biostratigraphy. The paired δ13Ccarb and δ13Corg data reveal a pronounced positive excursion, the Manitowoc carbon isotope excursion (Manitowoc CIE,
Water and productivity accounting using WA+ framework for sustainable water resources management : Case study of northwestern Iran
An exhaustive evaluation of water resources is a prerequisite for evidence-informed planning and implementing sustainable management strategies. However, the lack of sufficient information on water supply and consumption, alongside the technical limitations on comprehensive accounting for inter-relations and interactions between the subsystems, has resulted in decisions with often long-lasting out
Postoperative speech impairment and cranial nerve deficits after secondary surgery of posterior fossa tumours in childhood : a prospective European multicentre study
Purpose: Brain tumours constitute 25% of childhood neoplasms, and half of them are in the posterior fossa. Surgery is a fundamental component of therapy, because gross total resection is associated with a higher progression-free survival. Patients with residual tumour, progression of residual tumour or disease recurrence commonly require secondary surgery. We prospectively investigated the risk of
Comparative analysis of planted and unplanted controls for assessment of rhizosphere priming effect
The rhizosphere priming effect (RPE) is increasingly being considered to be an important regulator of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition and nutrient turnover, with potential importance for the global CO2 budget. As a result, studies on the RPE have rapidly increased in number over the last few years. Most of these experiments have been performed using unplanted soil as the control, which cou
Inflammatory potential of the diet and association with risk of differentiated thyroid cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort
Purpose: Chronic inflammation is thought to initiate or promote differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and previous studies have shown that diet can modulate this inflammatory process. We aimed to evaluate the association of several dietary scores reflecting the inflammatory potential of the diet with DTC risk. Methods: Within the EPIC cohort, 450,063 participants were followed during a mean period o
Short-lived species move uphill faster under climate change
Climate change is pushing species ranges and abundances towards the poles and mountain tops. Although many studies have documented local altitudinal shifts, knowledge of general patterns at a large spatial scale, such as a whole mountain range, is scarce. From a conservation perspective, studying altitudinal shifts in wildlife is relevant because mountain regions often represent biodiversity hotsp
Managing Marine Mammals and Fisheries : A Calibrated Programming Model for the Seal-Fishery Interaction in Sweden
This paper develops a model based on the concept of Positive Mathematical Programming (PMP) that is useful for ex-ante analyses of how policy measures affect commercial fisheries. PMP models are frequently used in agriculture, but rarely for analyzing fisheries. Fisheries often face a large set of constraints such as effort regulations and catch quotas of which some might be binding and others not
Mental health, sleep and pain in elite Para athletes and the association with injury and illness ‐ a prospective study
IntroductionThe interest in Para athletes’ health continues to increase. Still, there are few studies that have evaluated health parameters beyond injury and illness in this athlete population.ObjectiveTo assess: i) the weekly proportion of elite Para athletes reporting anxiety/depression, low sleep levels (≤7 hours) and pain over 52 weeks and; ii) and to explore whether these health parameters ar
Gender preference gaps and voting for redistribution
There is substantial evidence that women tend to support different policies and political candidates than men. Many studies also document gender differences in a variety of important preference dimensions, such as risk-taking, competition and pro-sociality. However, the degree to which differential voting by men and women is related to these gaps in more basic preferences requires an improved unde
Alarm Technologies to Wake Sleeping People Who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing
Traditional fire alarms emit a high-frequency sound to alert the occupants of an imminent threat, which may be less appropriate for people who are deaf or hard of hearing. To address this issue, the scientific literature concerning alternative alarm technologies has been reviewed to evaluate their effectiveness in awakening people who are deaf or hard of hearing. The results show that low-frequenc