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Risky sexual behavior and self-rated mental health among young adults in Skåne, Sweden – a cross-sectional study

BackgroundRisky sexual behavior is a public health challenge that significantly affects young people’s health and well-being in Sweden and throughout the world. Moreover, poor mental health, anxiety and depression among adolescents and young adults have increased in recent years. However, although hypothesized, the associations between general mental health and risky sexual behavior among young ad

Sitagliptin improves plasma apolipoprotein profile in type 2 diabetes : A randomized clinical trial of sitagliptin effect on lipid and glucose metabolism (SLIM) study

AIM: This study aims to evaluate the effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).METHODS: This is a multicenter, open-labeled, randomized controlled study. T2D patients with HbA1c 6.9-8.9% (52-74 mmol/mol) who were under treatment with sulfonylurea were randomly allocated to either the sitagliptin group or the non-sitagliptin grou

Insulin and heparin challenge tests are useful for choosing an optimal insulin regimen in a case of subcutaneous insulin resistance

A 38-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes, whose fasting plasma glucose levels were >500 mg/dL under 176 U/day of subcutaneous insulin injection, was admitted to Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. When insulin was administered intravenously, she was able to maintain favorable glycemic control even under 24 U/day of regular insulin, showing that she was accompanied by subcutaneous insulin

Different pathogenesis of glucose intolerance in two subtypes of primary aldosteronism : Aldosterone-producing adenoma and idiopathic hyperaldosteronism

AIMS/INTRODUCTION: An increased risk of diabetes mellitus has been reported in primary aldosteronism, but the pathogenesis of glucose intolerance between the primary aldosteronism subtypes remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate glucose metabolism in oral glucose tolerance test between aldosterone-producing adenoma and idiopathic hyperaldosteronism, and characterize patients with improved gl

Leptin production capacity determines food intake and susceptibility to obesity-induced diabetes in Oikawa-Nagao Diabetes-Prone and Diabetes-Resistant mice

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Obesity caused by overeating plays a pivotal role in the development of type 2 diabetes. However, it remains poorly understood how individual meal size differences are determined before the development of obesity. Here, we investigated the underlying mechanisms in determining spontaneous food intake in newly established Oikawa-Nagao Diabetes-Prone (ON-DP) and Diabetes-Resistant (O

Multiple daily insulin injections ameliorate QT interval by lowering blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes

BACKGROUND: A prolonged QT interval plays a causal role in fatal arrhythmia and is known to be a risk factor for sudden cardiac death. Although diabetic patients with microvascular complications tend to have a longer QT interval, the therapeutic effect of diabetes on the QT interval remains unclear. Here, we assessed the changes in QT interval in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who received mu

Prenatal Nicotine Exposure Induces Low Birthweight and Hyperinsulinemia in Male Rats

Smoking during pregnancy is one of the causes of low birthweight. Ingestion of nicotine during pregnancy has various metabolic impacts on the fetus and offspring. According to the developmental origins of health and disease theory, low birthweight is a risk factor for developing various non-communicable diseases, including diabetes. We hypothesized that when nicotine-induced low-birthweight rats,

Perioperative glycemic status is linked to postoperative complications in non-intensive care unit patients with type-2 diabetes : a retrospective study

BACKGROUND: Perioperative hyperglycemia is a risk factor for postoperative complications in the general population. However, it has not been clarified whether perioperative hyperglycemia increases postoperative complications in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Therefore, we aimed to analyze the relationship between perioperative glycemic status and postoperative complications in non-i

HLA analysis of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced and idiopathic isolated ACTH deficiency

PURPOSE: Isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency is a rare disease; however, since immune check point inhibitors (ICIs) have become widely used, many more cases have been reported. In this study, we compared the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) signatures between ICI-induced isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency (IAD) and idiopathic IAD (IIAD).DESIGN AND METHODS: Clinical features a

Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin treatment in older adults with moderately controlled type 2 diabetes : the STREAM study

Sitagliptin has been suggested as a treatment option for older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, no randomized controlled trial has been performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sitagliptin treatment in older Japanese patients with T2D. The STREAM study was a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial. T2D outpatients aged 65-80 years with moderately controlled glycemic

Mapping global lake dynamics reveals the emerging roles of small lakes

Lakes are important natural resources and carbon gas emitters and are undergoing rapid changes worldwide in response to climate change and human activities. A detailed global characterization of lakes and their long-term dynamics does not exist, which is however crucial for evaluating the associated impacts on water availability and carbon emissions. Here, we map 3.4 million lakes on a global scal

A history of the MetaSUB consortium : Tracking urban microbes around the globe

The MetaSUB Consortium, founded in 2015, is a global consortium with an interdisciplinary team of clinicians, scientists, bioinformaticians, engineers, and designers, with members from more than 100 countries across the globe. This network has continually collected samples from urban and rural sites including subways and transit systems, sewage systems, hospitals, and other environmental sampling.

Generative Grammar

This entry offers an introduction to generative grammar, describing the key components of the framework and its historical development since its start in the 1950s. Generative grammar is concerned with language as a mental object, and it studies speakers' internal faculty of language: the ability to produce and understand an infinite number of linguistic expressions from a finite set of linguistic