The relationship between science and policy in international environmental regimes has attracted much scholarly attention in the past decades. One of the most recognized approaches to the science–policy interaction in international environmental politics is the ‘knowledge-based’ epistemic communities approach. This approach contends that knowledge generated by scientists or other ‘knowledge-based’

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a prominent example of the mix of public and private authority in global climate policy-making. While national governments hold the supreme authority in the CDM, the oversight and daily supervision of the project-based mechanism have been delegated via an intergovernmental body to private corporations that evaluate the environmental performance of individua

Background The prognosis for kidney survival is poor in patients presenting with circulating anti–glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibodies and severe kidney injury. It is unknown if treatment with an endopeptidase that cleaves circulating and kidney bound IgG can alter the prognosis. Methods An investigator-driven phase 2a one-arm study (EudraCT 2016–004082–39) was performed in 17 hospitals i

The aerobic CO dehydrogenase from Oligotropha carboxidovorans is an environmentally crucial bacterial enzyme for maintenance of subtoxic concentration of CO in the lower atmosphere, as it allows for the oxidation of CO to CO2 which takes place at its Mo−Cu heterobimetallic active site. Despite extensive experimental and theoretical efforts, significant uncertainties still concern the reaction mech

A number of intersecting crises are currently ongoing at multiple scales, including increasing inequality, environmental degradation, and climate destabilization, as well as new surges of populism and mounting public health threats. These emergencies question our economic model of past decades and provoke a rethinking of the general approach to economic policy from a multi-scalar perspective. In t

Background In vivo studies of airway pathology in obstructive lung disease are limited by poor quality of specimens obtained with forceps. Obtainment of cryobiopsies has increased diagnostic yield in cancer and interstitial lung disease but has not been used in patients with asthma. In a recent pilot study, we found mucosal cryobiopsies to be larger and more intact than conventional forceps biopsi

A better physical understanding of mesoscale and microscale mechanisms behind deformation and failure of paperboard material is important to optimize industrial packaging converting processes and decrease waste. In this study, these mechanisms were investigated using synchrotron X-ray tomography during in situ continuous uniaxial tensile loading. High spatial and temporal data resolution enabled q

Vernonia leopoldi (Sch. Bip. ex Walp.) Vatke (Asteraceae) is one of the widely used anti-cancer traditional medicinal plants in Ethiopia, despite the lack of data to support its therapeutic efficacy. Here we describe the isolation of compounds from the plant and the investigation of their cytotoxicity and other bioactivities. We identified the novel sesquiterpene lactone (SL) 11ß,13-dihydrovernoda

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is of central importance to the immune system, and an optimal MHC diversity is believed to maximize pathogen elimination. Birds show substantial variation in MHC diversity, ranging from few genes in most bird orders to very many genes in passerines. Our understanding of the evolutionary trajectories of the MHC in passerines is hampered by lack of data on

Surface plasmon resonance is a very well-established surface sensitive technique for label-free analysis of biomolecular interactions, generating thousands of publications each year. An inconvenient effect that complicates interpretation of SPR results is the "bulk response" from molecules in solution, which generate signals without really binding to the surface. Here we present a physical model f

We have investigated the surface composition of a well-ordered Pt3Sn(111) surface during CO oxidation with ambient pressure X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Oxidation of tin in the surface coincides with the onset of catalytic conversion, and we observe significant differences in the oxidation state and morphology of the oxide formed depending on the gas composition, with an oxygen-rich mixture l

Laser wakefield accelerators commonly produce on-axis, low-divergence, high-energy electron beams. However, a high charge, annular shaped beam can be trapped outside the bubble and accelerated to high energies. Here we present a parametric study on the production of low-energy-spread, ultra-relativistic electron ring beams in a two-stage gas cell. Ring-shaped beams with energies higher than 750 Me

Det är höst år 1400 i Visby, i ett Nordeuropa som äntligen, efter ett decennium av sjöröveri och krig, har börjat hitta tillbaka till fredliga förhållanden. Men så händer det som inte får hända. En brand utbryter i stadens utkant, alldeles vid ringmuren, och snart surrar Visby av rykten medan mördaren är långt ifrån färdig med sitt blodiga värv. Ett nytt historiskt fall för ordensriddarnas betrodd

The transition to a low-carbon society requires a deep transformation, enabled by rapid adoption of new energy technologies. A main driver for this will be technology learning, providing cost reductions in low-carbon technologies. Over the past two decades, learning has provided substantial cost reductions for a number of hardware technologies, such as PV modules, wind turbines, and battery packs,

Little is known about the microstructural behavior of magnetite during hypervelocity impact events, even though it is a widespread accessory mineral and an important magnetic carrier in terrestrial and extraterrestrial rocks. We report systematic electron backscatter diffraction crystallographic analysis of shock features in magnetite from a transect across the 52-km-diameter ca. 380 Ma Siljan imp

The new species Begonia markiana is described and illustrated. It is similar to B. cathcartii but can easily be distinguished by a lamina with a dark central spot and a densely pilose upper surface in combination with a short dorsal capsule wing. A phylogenetic analysis based on three chloroplast regions placed the new species together with other continental species in section Platycentrum. Both m

Individuals are less likely to make morally desirable decisions when they are in groups. I study when this phenomenon makes groups less likely to produce a morally desirable outcome than one individual alone. I formulate and test a model in which a moral outcome occurs if at least one individual makes a costly decision. Using a lab experiment and data from field experiments on the bystander effect

Prolonged hydrothermal treatment for sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) membranes induces mechanical degradation and developing hydrophilic-hydrophobic phase separation, simultaneously. The enhanced phase separation provides incremental proton conductivity to the membranes, whereas mechanical degradation drastically reduces device stability. On this basis, we describe here the effects of two diff