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Total colonic aganglionosis : multicentre study of surgical treatment and patient-reported outcomes up to adulthood

BACKGROUND: Surgery for total colonic aganglionosis (TCA) is designed to preserve continence and achieve satisfactory quality of life. This study evaluated a comprehensive group of clinical and social outcomes.METHODS: An international multicentre study from eight Nordic hospitals involving examination of case records and a patient-reported questionnaire survey of all patients born with TCA betwee

Land–Climate interactions

Land and climate interact in complex ways through changes in forcing and multiple biophysical and biogeochemical feedbacks across different spatial and temporal scales. This chapter assesses climate impacts on land and land impacts on climate, the human contributions to these changes, as well as land-based adaptation and mitigation response options to combat projected climate changes.

A 19.5-GHz 28-nm Class-C CMOS VCO, with a reasonably rigorous result on 1/f noise upconversion caused by short-channel effects

Class-C operation is leveraged to implement a K-band CMOS voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) where the upconversion of 1/f current noise from the cross-coupled transistors in the oscillator core is robustly contained at a very low level. Implemented in a bulk 28-nm CMOS technology, the 12%-tuning-range VCO shows a phase noise as low as -112 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset (-86 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset) fr

Maternal Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Status, Methylmercury Exposure, and Birth Outcomes in a High-Fish-Eating Mother-Child Cohort

BACKGROUND: Maternal status of long-chain PUFAs (LC-PUFAs) may be related to fetal growth. Maternal fish consumption exposes the mother to the neurotoxicant methylmercury (MeHg), which, in contrast, may restrict fetal growth. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to examine relations between maternal LC-PUFA status at 28 wk and birth outcomes (birth weight, length, and head circumference), controlling for MeHg e

Spontaneous in vitro immunoglobulin secretion at the diagnosis of insulin-dependent diabetes

Blood mononuclear cells obtained from 17 newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients treated with insulin for 5-7 days were assessed for the number of spontaneous and pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated immunoglobulin-secreting cells in a reverse haemolytic plaque assay. The spontaneous in vitro immunoglobulin secretion was evanescent and decreased in individual patients within 1-4 mo

The immune response in individuals with hla-dr specificities conferring susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes - A hypothesis

The genetic control of insulin-dependent diabetes as well as of other autoimmune endocrine disorders have not been defined. These disorders are often said to run in families but the mode of inheritance is not understood. A most intriguing aspect of insulin-dependent diabetes is its close association with the HLA-DR specificities 3 and/or 4. More than 90% of all caucasian IDDM have either one or bo

A β-cell glycoprotein of Mr 40 000 is the major rat islet cell immunogen following xenogenic immunisation

An antiserum (R2) was raised in a rabbit against dispersed Sprague Dawley rat islet cells. The R2 antiserum contains islet cell surface antibodies, which mediate complement-dependent cytotoxicity against islet cells resulting in a block of glucose induced insulin release. Immunoprecipitation and gel electrophoretic analysis showed that R2 specifically recognizes an Mr 40 000 glycoprotein present i

Autoantibodies to a 64-kilodalton islet cell protein precede the onset of spontaneous diabetes in the BB rat

Spontaneous insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in the BB rat is associated with the presence of antibodies to a 64-kilodalton rat islet cell protein. These protein antibodies appeared in young animals and remained for as long as 8 weeks before the clinical onset of IDDM. Antibodies to a 64-kilodalton human islet cell protein were found to be associated with human IDDM. Detection of the ant

Susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes defined by restriction enzyme polymorphism of HLA-D region genomic DNA

DNA fragments complementary to cloned sequences encoding HLA-D region class II antigen α- and β-chains were determined by clotting with DNA from HLA-typed members of 22 complete families, 12 of which had a proband with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Analysis of genotypes showed that the DNA sequences were linked to HLA-DR and permitted confirmation of recombinations in two families. D

LHC Dark Matter Working Group: Next-generation spin-0 dark matter models

Dark matter (DM) simplified models are by now commonly used by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations to interpret searches for missing transverse energy (ET miss). The coherent use of these models sharpened the LHC DM search program, especially in the presentation of its results and their comparison to DM direct-detection (DD) and indirect-detection (ID) experiments. However, the community has been awa

Inhibition of insulin release after passive transfer of immunoglobulin from insulin-dependent diabetic children to mice

We used the mouse passive transfer model to test whether islet cell antibodies affect β-cell function. The immunoglobulin (Ig) fraction of plasma from 5 islet cell surface antibody-positive, newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetic children or of a pool of plasma from 12 normal subjects was injected daily (7–16 mg IgG/day) for 14 days into normal immunosuppressed BALB/c mice. Insulin secretory r

L-Leucine methyl ester stimulates insulin secretion and islet glutamate dehydrogenase

Column perifusion of collagenase-isolated mouse pancreatic islets was used to study the dynamics of insulin release in experiments lasting for several hours. The methyl esters of L-leucine and L-arginine were synthetised. Whereas L-arginine methyl ester (L-arginine OMe) had no effect, L-leucine OMe stimulated the release of insulin. The effect of L-leucine OMe was maximal at 5 mmol/liter. Whereas

Detection of HLA-D/DR-related DNA polymorphism in HLA-D homozygous typing cells.

Sequences of different sizes are generated when DNA from homozygous HLA-Dw/DR typing cells are digested with restriction endonuclease and analyzed by hybridization with a HLA-D region class II antigen beta-chain cDNA probe. The patterns of hybridization were highly polymorphic but one endonuclease, BamHI, defined sequences unique to all HLA-Dw/DR specificities 1-8 except HLA-Dw/DR 2 and 6; however

β-cell function relative to islet volume and hormone content in the isolated perfused mouse pancreas

The β-cell function, total islet volume, and number were studied in 1- to 18-month-old mice, together with the extractable pancreatic insulin and glucagon. The β-cell function, determined as the total amount of insulin released in response to glucose from the in vitro perfused pancreas showed an agerelated increase, without any differences in the kinetics of insulin secretion between young and old

B‐Cell Function and Islet Cell and Other Organ‐Specific Autoantibodies in Relatives to Insulin‐Dependent Diabetic Patients

ABSTRACT The pancreatic B‐cell function (glucose tolerance, C‐peptide release) and organ‐specific autoantibodies, including islet cell cytoplasmic and cell surface (mouse), were studied in 45 first‐degree relatives of patients with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus diagnosed before the age of 30 years. Compared to 107 healthy persons without any family history of either insulin‐dependent or non‐