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Exploring the visual world of fossilized and modern fungus gnat eyes (Diptera : Keroplatidae) with X-ray microtomography
Animal eyes typically possess specialized regions for guiding different behavioural tasks within their specific visual habitat. These specializations, and evolutionary changes to them, can be crucial for understanding an animal's ecology. Here, we explore how the visual systems of some of the smallest flying insects, fungus gnats, have adapted to different types of forest habitat over time (approx
Evaluation of 18F-FDG uptake in lung parenchyma compensating for tissue fraction : Comparison between non-enhanced low dose CT and intravenous contrast-enhanced diagnostic CT
AIM: To determine how the presence of intravenous (IV) contrast-enhanced CT influences SUV measurements corrected for both attenuation and tissue fraction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighteen patients with different malignancies, free from lung disorders, lung cancer or metastasis, were prospectively recruited when referred for staging with combined 18F-FDG-PET/CT examination. A non-enhanced low-dose C
Denoising of Scintillation Camera Images Using a Deep Convolutional Neural Network : A Monte Carlo Simulation Approach
Scintillation camera images contain a large amount of Poisson noise. We have investigated whether noise can be removed in whole-body bone scans using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained with sets of noisy and noiseless images obtained by Monte Carlo simulation. Methods: Three CNNs were generated using 3 different sets of training images: simulated bone scan images, images of a cylindric p
Radiations from a Water Jet Plasma Source
Women with a predisposition for diabetes have an increased risk of pregnancy complications, especially in combination with pregestational overweight
BACKGROUND: Overweight and gestational diabetes are risk factors for pregnancy complications. We hypothesized that the metabolic impact of overweight on pregnancy outcome, would be different if it was combined with a predisposition for diabetes. The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of pregnancies in women with diabetes diagnosed later in life, to the outcome of pregnancies of women who
Determination of the Distance Between the Cytochrome and Dehydrogenase Domains of Immobilized Cellobiose Dehydrogenase by Using Surface Plasmon Resonance with a Center of Mass Based Model
Changes in the tertiary conformation of adsorbed biomolecules can induce detectable shifts (Δθr) in the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) angle. Here it is shown how to calculate the corresponding shifts in the adsorbate's center of mass (Δzavg) along the sensing surface normal from the measured Δθr. The novel developed model was used for determining the mean distance between the cytochrome (CYT) an
HIV treatment in Guinea-Bissau : room for improvement and time for new treatment options
Despite advances in the treatment quality of HIV throughout the world, several countries are still facing numerous obstacles in delivering HIV treatment at a sufficiently high quality, putting patients' lives in jeopardy. The aim of this status article is to give an overview of HIV treatment outcomes in the West African country, Guinea-Bissau, and to assess how newer treatment strategies such as l
Local delivery of minocycline-loaded PLGA nanoparticles from gelatin-coated neural implants attenuates acute brain tissue responses in mice
Background: Neural interfaces often elicit inflammatory responses and neuronal loss in the surrounding tissue which adversely affect the function and longevity of the implanted device. Minocycline, an anti-inflammatory pharmaceutics with neuroprotective properties, may be used for reducing the acute brain tissue responses after implantation. However, conventional administration routes require high
Mechanically ventilated patients exhibit decreased particle flow in exhaled breath as compared to normal breathing patients
Introduction: In this cohort study, we evaluated whether the particles in exhaled air (PExA) device can be used in conjunction with mechanical ventilation during surgery. The PExA device consists of an optical particle counter and an impactor that collects particles in exhaled air. Our aim was to establish the feasibility of the PExA device in combination with mechanical ventilation (MV) during su
Interpreting Fluorescence Detected Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy
The Dissemination of Scientific Fake News : On the Ranking of Retracted Articles in Google
Fake news can originate from an ordinary person carelessly posting what turns out to be false information orfrom the intentional actions of fake news factory workers,but broadly speaking it can also originate from scientific fraud. In the latter case, the article can be retracted upon discovery of the fraud. A case study shows, however, that such fake sciencecan be visible in Google even after the
Plasma proteomics of biomarkers for inflammation or cancer cannot predict relapse in chronic myeloid leukaemia patients stopping tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy
Several studies have now shown that chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients in deep molecular remission may discontinue tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment with a treatment free remission (TFR) rate of approximately 40–60 %. Some factors influencing the possibility of TFR have been described but better tools are needed for individual prediction of long-term TFR. Herein, two multiplex panels
Design and use of model membranes to study biomolecular interactions using complementary surface-sensitive techniques
Cellular membranes are complex structures and simplified analogues in the form of model membranes or biomembranes are used as platforms to understand fundamental properties of the membrane itself as well as interactions with various biomolecules such as drugs, peptides and proteins. Model membranes at the air-liquid and solid-liquid interfaces can be studied using a range of complementary surface-
Angioid streaks are part of a familial syndrome of dyserythropoietic anaemia (CDA III)
Congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia type III (CDA III) is a rare disease inherited in an autosomal dominant way and characterized by mild to moderate haemolytic anaemia. Most patients are adapted to their disease and have no or few complaints. Bone marrow examination shows a characteristic picture with erythroid hyperplasia and multinucleate erythroblasts. 20% of patients in a Swedish family affe
PCNA, Ki-67, p53, bcl-2 and prognosis in intraoral squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Eighty patients with primary intraoral squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, with a follow-up of 4-14 years were analysed for clinical outcome in relation to immunohistochemical expression of PCNA, Ki-67, p53, bcl-2 and presence of mutations in the p53 gene. The turnout site was not associated with the different parameters calculated. PCNA and Ki-67 labelling showed median values of 56% a
Agent orange in war medicine : An aftermath myth
Since the late 1970s several epidemiological studies have appeared linking exposure to phenoxy herbicides or chlorophenols to some malignant tumors. Most of these compounds are contaminated with dioxins and dibenzofurans; for example, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a contaminant of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), a component of Agent Orange which was sprayed in Vietnam
Oral SNUFF, smoking habits and alcohol consumption in relation to oral cancer in a Swedish case-control study
The use of oral snuff is a widespread habit in Sweden. We investigated whether the use of Swedish moist snuff leads to an increasing risk of oral cancer. Other risk factors such as smoking tobacco and alcoholic beverages were also investigated. Our study comprised 410 patients with oral cancer, from the period 1980-1989, and 410 matched controls. All subjects received a mailed questionnaire. The r
Oral infections and dental factors in relation to oral cancer : A Swedish case-control study
We investigated the role of oral infections, dentition and dental X- rays for oral cancer in a north Swedish population. This case-control study consisted of 410 cases with oral cancer for the period 1980-89 and 410 matched controls. All subjects received a mailed questionnaire. The response rates were 96% and 91% for cases and controls, respectively. The univariate analysis showed a statistically
Increased cancer incidence in physicians, dentists, and health care workers
Some earlier reports have indicated increased incidence or mortality of specific tumor types in various health care professions. In this study we have evaluated cancer incidence in physicians, dentists, and other health care workers using the Swedish Cancer Environment Register (CER), which was formed by record-linkage between the 1970 census on current occupation and Cancer Register incidence dat