Search results

Filter

Filetype

Your search for "*" yielded 534488 hits

Elevations in blood glucose before and after the appearance of islet autoantibodies in children

The etiology of type 1 diabetes has polygenic and environmental determinants that lead to autoimmune responses against pancreatic β cells and promote β cell death. The autoimmunity is considered silent without metabolic consequences until late preclinical stages,and it remains unknown how early in the disease process the pancreatic β cell is compromised. To address this, we investigated preprandia

Children's use of English as lingua franca in Swedish preschools

This paper highlights a current phenomenon reported from preschools placed in multilingual areas in Sweden, namely that some preschoolers with mutually different language backgrounds sometimes use English as lingua franca instead of Swedish during play. The data stems from a study of language environments in Swedish preschools situated in both monolingual and multilingual areas. The analyses revea

Web-based training intervention to increase physical activity level and improve health for adults with intellectual disability

Background: Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) are less physically active, have a higher body mass index (BMI) and are at greater risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) than people without ID. The purpose of the study was to explore the effectiveness of a web-based training programme, consisting of 150 min of activity per week, on the health of people with ID. Method: Participants with

Crystal electric field and properties of 4f magnetic moments at the surface of the rare-earth compound TbRh2Si2

The crystal electric field (CEF) plays an essential role in defining the magnetic properties of 4f materials. It forces the charge density of 4f electrons and the related magnetic moment to be oriented along a certain direction in the crystal. The CEF and related magnetic properties were widely studied in the past with focus on bulk of 4f materials, while their surfaces have not received much atte

RGS5 : a novel role as a hypoxia-responsive protein that suppresses chemokinetic and chemotactic migration in brain pericytes

Adaptive biological mechanisms to hypoxia are crucial to maintain oxygen homeostasis, especially in the brain. Pericytes, cells uniquely positioned at the blood-brain interface, respond fast to hypoxia by expressing regulator of G-protein signalling 5 (RGS5), a negative regulator of G-protein-coupled receptors. RGS5 expression in pericytes is observed in pathological hypoxic environments (e.g. tum

Towards a Complete Safety Framework for Longitudinal Driving

Formal models for the safety validation of autonomous vehicles have become increasingly important. To this end, we present a safety framework for longitudinal automated driving. This framework allows calculating minimum safe inter-vehicular distances for arbitrary ego vehicle control policies. We use this framework to enhance the Responsibility-Sensitive Safety (RSS) model and models based on it,

Optimization of N-Piperidinyl-Benzimidazolone Derivatives as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of 8-Oxo-Guanine DNA Glycosylase 1

8-oxo Guanine DNA Glycosylase 1 is the initiating enzyme within base excision repair and removes oxidized guanines from damaged DNA. Since unrepaired 8-oxoG could lead to G : C→T : A transversion, base removal is of utmost importance for cells to ensure genomic integrity. For cells with elevated levels of reactive oxygen species this dependency is further increased. In the past we and others have

Incidence of celiac disease autoimmunity and associations with maternal tuberculosis and pediatric Helicobacter pylori infections in 4-year-old Ethiopian children followed up in an HLA genotyped birth cohort

Background: The prevalence of celiac disease in the general population is mainly unknown in most of sub-Saharan African countries. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of celiac disease autoimmunity (CDA) and its associations with latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (LMTB) and Helicobacter pylori (HP) infections in Ethiopian children aged 4 years in an HLA genotyped cohort study. Met

Fatigue trajectories during pediatric ALL therapy are associated with fatigue after treatment: a national longitudinal cohort study

Objective: Fatigue is one of the most prevalent and distressing symptoms reported by survivors of childhood cancer. There is currently a lack of longitudinal studies on cancer-related fatigue, and especially on the relationship between the course of fatigue during treatment and fatigue at follow-up. The purpose of the current study was therefore to investigate if the course of fatigue during treat

Weighted cue integration for straight-line orientation

Animals commonly integrate multiple sources of information to guide their behavior. Among insects, previous studies have suggested that the relative reliability of cues affects their weighting in behavior, but have not systematically explored how well alternative integration strategies can account for the observed directional choices. Here, we characterize the directional reliability of an ersatz

Adverse childhood experiences do not moderate the association between aggressive antisocial behavior and general disinhibition in a forensic psychiatric inpatient sample

Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and high levels of disinhibition have been associated with a variety of negative outcomes such as aggressive antisocial behavior (AAB). However, forensic psychiatric populations remain an understudied group in this field of research. This study aimed to fill that gap by investigating associations between ACE, AAB, and disinhibition in a forensic psychiatric samp

How scientists interpret and address funding criteria : value creation and undesirable side effects

Scientists and funding bodies are interdependent actors involved in an ongoing two-way signalling interaction; however, we lack insight on the social mechanisms underpinning this interaction. To address this issue, we examine how successfully funded scientists interpret and address criteria set by the funding body to maximise their chances of funding success. We also consider the possible adverse

Characterizing Fast Conformational Exchange of Aromatic Rings Using Residual Dipolar Couplings : Distinguishing Jumplike Flips from Other Exchange Mechanisms

Aromatic ring flips are a hallmark of protein dynamics. They are experimentally studied by NMR spectroscopy, where recent advances have led to improved characterization across a wide range of time scales. Results on different proteins have been interpreted as continuous diffusive ring rotations or jumplike flips, leading to diverging views of the protein interior as being fluidlike or solidlike, r

An analytical pipeline to support robust research on the ecology, evolution, and function of floral volatiles

Research on floral volatiles has grown substantially in the last 20 years, which has generated insights into their diversity and prevalence. These studies have paved the way for new research that explores the evolutionary origins and ecological consequences of different types of variation in floral scent, including community-level, functional, and environmentally induced variation. However, to add

Prophylaxis use of clotting factor replacement products in people with non-severe haemophilia : A review of the literature

Introduction: People with non-severe haemophilia appear to be under-treated in many countries, and this may lead to joint damage and worsen quality of life. Aim: To review literature for clotting factor replacement prophylaxis in people with non-severe haemophilia A and B (HA/HB) in relation to long-term outcomes to support clinical decision-making. Methods: A targeted literature search was perfor

A review of explainable AI in the satellite data, deep machine learning, and human poverty domain

Recent advances in artificial intelligence and deep machine learning have created a step change in how to measure human development indicators, in particular asset-based poverty. The combination of satellite imagery and deep machine learning now has the capability to estimate some types of poverty at a level close to what is achieved with traditional household surveys. An increasingly important is

Components of a healthy diet and different types of physical activity and risk of atherothrombotic ischemic stroke : A prospective cohort study

Background: Diet and physical activity (PA) are modifiable risk factors thought to influence the risk of ischemic stroke (IS). However, few studies have examined their effect on different subtypes of IS. Aim: To examine components of overall diet quality and different types of PA in relation to the risk of atherothrombotic IS (aIS). Materials and methods: The study population included 23,797 parti

Rhizobium etli CFN42 proteomes showed isoenzymes in free-living and symbiosis with a different transcriptional regulation inferred from a transcriptional regulatory network

A comparative proteomic study at 6 h of growth in minimal medium (MM) and bacteroids at 18 days of symbiosis of Rhizobium etli CFN42 with the Phaseolus vulgaris leguminous plant was performed. A gene ontology classification of proteins in MM and bacteroid, showed 31 and 10 pathways with higher or equal than 30 and 20% of proteins with respect to genome content per pathway, respectively. These path

The Effect of Two Midwives During the Second Stage of Labour to Reduce Severe Perineal Trauma (Oneplus) : A Multicentre, Randomized Controlled Trial in Sweden

In many high-income countries, severe perinatal trauma (SPT), affecting the anal sphincter muscle complex, has been on the rise over the last decade. However, effective strategies to prevent SPT are scarce. In randomized controlled trials, only perineal warm compresses and massage have shown benefit. Other cohort studies have shown that prevention models involving several components can decrease t