I oceanerna finns ett system av vulkaniska ryggar, där ny oceanbotten bildas genom intensiv vulkanism. Svarta eller vita lösningar skjuter med hög hastighet ut från skorstenar, som kan vara flera meter i diameter. Upptäckten av dessa heta källor för 30 år sedan var av stor betydelse för till exempel biologin: man hittade levande organismer vid skorstenarna. Dessa kan överleva trots det höga tryckeCirculation of hot hydrothermal fluids in fractures and faults of the oceanic crust is driven by temperature and pressure gradients. Fluid discharge is focused to vertical structures, black or white smoker chimneys on the seafloor. Hydrothermal vent temperatures should hypothetically be directly related to water depth. The boiling point of seawater increases with depth and ends at the critical poi

Denna uppsats syftar till att utreda hur och när bestämmelsen om psykisk störning som förmildrande omständighet – 29 kap. 3 § 1 st. 2 p. BrB – tillämpas. Uppsatsen utgår huvudsakligen ifrån en rättsfallsundersökning omfattande 24 avgöranden från tidsperioden 2007-2011. För att ge en heltäckande bild av bestämmelsen redogörs i avsnitt tre till fem för hur psykiskt störda har behandlats av rättsväsThis thesis aims at investigating how and when the provision in the Swedish penal code regarding mental illness as a mitigating circumstance is applicable. The thesis is centered on a case study comprising 24 rulings from the time period 2007 - 2011. Sections 3 and 4 of this thesis concern the history of the judicial treatment of the criminally insane as well as describing the basic legal princip

This essay portrays the prison system through interviews regarding the experiences of former prisoners. These different experiences of the prison system and the effects on people and society are being interpreted from an intersectional perspective. The method of the essay is based on four different interviews with four different ex-convicts that have experienced being punished in Swedish prisons.

Detta arbetet har hanterat sex olika borrkärnor från den Prekambriska berggrunden i Ohio, USA. Denna berggrund är täckt med 800 – 5000 meter av Paleozoiska avlagringar och på grund av detta vet vi väldigt lite om den. Arbetet har gått ut på att karakterisera och datera dessa bergarter samt att via isotop analyser av syre och hafnium ta reda på bergarternas sammansättning och evolution. BorrkärnoThe Grenville orogen forms a major, continental scale, Mesoproterozoic orogenic belt along the present day eastern North American continent, from Labrador in the north to Mexico in the south. It is, however, mainly exposed in the northeastern parts of North America. Most of the orogen forms a basement to thick piles of Phanerozoic sedimentary rocks, and the geological evolution of the extensive co

Denna uppsats undersöker vad som utmärker de oerhört framgångsrika tal som hålls under TED-konferensen i Kalifornien och via internet har setts av miljontals tittare världen över. Med utgångspunkt i retoriken som kodifierad praxis har utmärkande drag hos dessa tal analyserats för att ta reda på vad som gör dem till goda exempel värda att efterbilda. Speciellt för den retoriska situationen är att T

Bergmaterialindustrin i Sverige befinner sig just nu i en omstruktureringsfas då nya regler starkt begränsar möjligheten att använda sig av naturgrus för så väl bygg- och anläggningsändamål som för betongindustrin. Detta har även lett till att teknikutvecklingen stävar mot en övergång mot krossat berg, och inte sällan har det lett till bergmaterial med egenskaper som överträffar dem för naturgrus.The Swedish rock-mass industry is currently in a transition period because new rules and regulations strongly limit the possibility to use naturally sorted aggregates for construction and concrete purposes. Furthermore, research and development within the industry is more oriented towards crushed bedrock aggregates. Whilst the crystalline bedrock of Scandinavia mostly consists of Precambrian gneis

Värdepappershandel tillsammans med annan finansiell verksamhet har undantagits från mervärdesskatteplikt inom EU sedan 1977, när Direktivet 77/388/EEC lagstiftades. Ursprungligen stadgades undantaget för dessa finansiella tjänster på grund av skattetekniska problem som uppkommer vid framställande av det beskattningsbara underlaget. Direktivet, som sedermera har ersatts av Direktivet 2006/112/EC (tTrade in securities along with other financial activities has been enjoying the VAT exempt status within the EU since 1977, when Directive 77/388/EEC was passed. The VAT exemption for the financial services was originally enacted due to the difficulties relating to defining the taxable amount for the VAT purposes. The mentioned Directive, which has consequently been replaced by Directive 2006/112/

Geofysiska metoder används vid alla tunnelbyggnadsprojekt då geotekniska beskrivningar och modeller baseras på resultat från dessa. Detaljerade redogörelser för markförhållanden och information om djupet till berggrunden är av intresse, och med geofysiska metoder kan dessa parametrar utvärderas. Detta arbete är baserat på geofysiska undersökningar med fokus på de geoelektriska metoderna. MetodernaIn all tunnel construction projects geophysical methods are important as a foundation for engineering geological conceptual models. Detailed information about the condition and the physical properties of rocks at depth is desirable, and geophysical methods have the potential to exploit these properties. This work is based on geophysical investigations with focus on the geoelectrical methods. The m

I delar av Danmarks (Sjælland) grundvatten har det hittats nickel- och arsenikhalter över gränsvärdena bestämda av World Health Organization (WHO). Där har mineralet pyrit undersökts och visat sig innehålla dessa ämnen. Förhöjda halter av arsenik har även upptäckts i skånskt grundvatten av Sveriges geologiska undersökning (SGU). Kalkberggrunden i Danmark och Sverige, som har bildats på liknande säThe groundwater in parts of Danmark (Sjælland) is known to exceed the World Health Organizations limits for arsenic and nickel contents in drinking water according to the Danish Geological Survey (Flindt Jörgensen, 2005a; Flindt Jörgensen, 2005b; Stockmarr 2005). In groundwater in Scania the Swedish Geological Survey has found exceeding contents of arsenic. Therefore, this study investigated pyrit

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Vulkanism associeras av de flesta med magmatisk aktivitet och väldiga lavaflöden. Trots detta finns det över hela världen tusentals exempel på ”vulkaner” som oftast inte alls har med magmatism att göra – slamvulkaner. Slamvulkaner drivs genom helt andra och mycket ytligare processer. Slamvulkaner kan bildas i olika miljöer på en rad olika sätt vilket medför attMud volcanoes are pathways through and within which buried argillaceous loose sediments and lithified rocks are altered and transported back to the Earth’s surface. The types of mechanisms of formation, maintenance and triggering of this natural, sedimentary recycling-process vary largely whereby external as well as internal properties of mud volcanoes differ greatly. Sizes range from millimetres

Det statliga kulturstödet har stor betydelse för kultursektorn. Sedan slutet på 1960-talet har det funnits ett statligt kulturtidskriftsstöd. 2009 utarbetade Kulturdepartementet en promemoria specifikt rörande kulturtidskriftstöd Nya villkor för statligt stöd till kulturtidskrifter (Ku2009/2215/KV), en promemoria som i huvudsak innebar ett teknikneutralt kulturtidskriftsstöd, borttagande av förlus

During the 15th, 16th and 17th century many commodities were traded from east to west and vice versa through The Sound. One commodity of great importance was cloth. To these large quantities of cloth lead cloth seals were attached as a hallmark of quality control. In this study the cloth trade between the Netherlands and Scania during the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern Times is investigated for

Taking as its point of departure Agamben's notion of the nation as that figure of ”bare life” upon which sovereignty in modernity has been invested, this essay represents some first steps towards a foucauldian archeology of diaspora. Through such an approach it is suggested that a more full understanding of the complex relation between nation, state and territory can be acquired. The essay thu

How political order sustains and is constructed is a fundamental problem in the social sciences, and it is still disagreement of how it should be solved. The structure of the operating system is argued has changed, which has contributed to the nation-states ability to manage the problem of political order has enervated. The thesis point of departure is that the traditional way of study and analyze

This bachelor thesis analyses the impact that development projects working with higher education and micro-credit have on youth’s empowerment processes. I have made a minor field study in Kenya and conducted 21 semi-structured respondent interviews with a group with higher education, a group that was provided with micro-credit and a group which was not provided with neither. The interviews were co

This thesis is an osteological analysis of the bone assemblage from the quarter Hjärtat 4 in Halmstad, dating about 1320-1500 AD. The main aim was to quantify taxa and body parts, estimate sex and age at death, calculate withers height, identify taphonomic processes and record pathological conditions. Using this information, the next step was to analyze husbandry decisions and make an attempt to u

Wars have, basically, always existed. Hand in hand with all wars there is always some kind of justification. As our communities and wars develop so the criteria for a just war develop with them. The aim of this thesis is to examine how the development of the just war has occurred. This will be done through a choice of various historical events, in which I will analyze the discussion about the just

This essay studies how democracy is formulated in the steering documents in the Swedish school system. It suggests that the program is a dynamic interventionistic program. Democracy is analysed with Lundquist´s model that present the democratic values in substantial values- equality, freedom, solidarity, justice and process values- openness, mutual reciprocity, responsibility. The conclusion is th

The thesis contributes to the debate of an emerging European strategic culture on the use of force. This is highly relevant in order to understand the future development of the military operations within the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). In order to be able to analyse the motivations of the following operations: Concordia, EUFOR DR Congo and Atalanta, the research builds on the constr

This thesis aims at explaining the Icelandic European debate. It does so by trying to identify the most prominent theme of the debate and to determine if it is characterized by sectoral, national identity or economic arguments. The thesis also aims at determining how the 2008 financial crash and the 2009 decision to apply for EU membership affected the debate. To answer these questions a content a