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Stochastic Modeling and Operational Optimization in District Heating Systems

Operation of a district heating system is accomplished via a sequence of decisions by the operators controlling the system. These decisions are based on expectations of conditions in the system that are not known at decision time. The operators could be helped by a decision support system that computes predictions of future system variables and suggests appropriate control actions given the availa

Human immunoglobulin class and subclass specificity of Fc receptors induced by herpes simplex virus type 1

Herpes simplex virus is known to induce an immunoglobulin-binding cell surface receptor in infected cells that utilizes a nonimmune mechanism. In the present paper, we report the immunoglobulin class and subclass specificity of this receptor. Of the human immunoglobulins G(IgG), IgA, IgM, and IgD, as well as the structurally related beta2 microglobulin, only IgG and its Fc portion exhibited an inc

Learner-centred education in end-of-life care improved well being in home care staff: a prospective controlled study.

The aim of this controlled study was to evaluate a 1-year learner-centred educational project in end-of-life care for home care staff in a rural district of Sweden. Another rural district in the same region served as a control area. A 20-item questionnaire measuring attitudes towards end-of-life care was designed, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale was used to measure mental well

Approximate time-variable coherence analysis of multichannel signals

We present a new method for signal extraction from noisy multichannel epileptic seizure onset EEG signals. These signals are non-stationary which makes time-invariant filtering unsuitable. The new method assumes a signal model and performs denoising by filtering the signal of each channel using a time-variable filter which is an estimate of the Wiener filter. The approximate Wiener filters are obt

Structural studies of cysteine proteases and their inhibitors

Cysteine proteases (CPs) are responsible for many biochemical processes occurring in living organisms and they have been implicated in the development and progression of several diseases that involve abnormal protein turnover. The activity of CPs is regulated among others by their specific inhibitors: cystatins. The main aim of this review is to discuss the structure-activity relationships of cyst

Tracking techno-science networks: A case study of fuel cells and related hydrogen technology R&D in Norway

This study explores boundary-crossing networks in fuel-cell science and technology. We use the case of Norwegian fuel cell and related hydrogen research to explore techno-science networks. Standard bibliometric and patent indicators are presented. Then we explore different types of network maps-maps based on co-authorship, co-patenting and co-activity data. Different network configurations occur f

Emulation of dual-conjugate adaptive optics on an 8-m class telescope

In this article we present a downscaled laboratory setup emulating five natural guide stars, a layered static atmosphere and a 7.5-m aperture telescope equipped with dual-conjugate adaptive optics at a wavelength of 2.2 mum. Three reconstruction alternatives were evaluated; conventional adaptive optics, field-averaged conventional adaptive optics and dual-conjugate adaptive optics. The results wer

Cerebrovascular response during and following severe insulin-induced hypoglycemia: CO2-sensitivity, autoregulation, and influence of prostaglandin synthesis inhibition

The objective of the present experiments was to study mechanisms governing cerebrovascular responses during severe hypoglycemia, and in the posthypoglycemic recovery period. To that end, lightly anesthetized (70% N2O) and artificially ventilated rats were injected with insulin so as to abolish spontaneous EEG activity for 15 or 30 min ("coma"). In separate animals, recovery was induced by glucose

Diffusion of lysozyme in gels and liquids - A general approach for the determination of diffusion coefficients using holographic laser interferometry

A study on diffusion measurements of the protein lysozyme in liquids and agarose gels, at different pH and ionic strengths, has been performed using holographic laser interferometry. The measurements showed that the diffusive flux was very dependent on pH and ionic strength when the protein was not at its isoelectric point or when the charge of the lysozyme molecules was not screened by ions in th

Short-chain fatty acid content in the hindgut of rats fed various composite foods and commercial dietary fibre fractions from similar sources

The fermentability of indigestible carbohydrates and content of short-chain fatty acids along the hindgut of rats were investigated using plant materials of importance in the Swedish diet (instant potato powder, apples and oat flakes). Results with the composite food products were compared with commercial fibre fractions obtained from similar sources, ie potato fibre, apple pectin and beta-glucan-