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FoxA1 directs the lineage and immunosuppressive properties of a novel regulatory T cell population in EAE and MS

The defective generation or function of regulatory T (T reg) cells in autoimmune disease contributes to chronic inflammation and tissue injury. We report the identification of FoxA1 as a transcription factor in T cells that, after ectopic expression, confers suppressive properties in a newly identified T reg cell population, herein called FoxA1 + T reg cells. FoxA1 bound to the Pdl1 promoter, indu

Antiinflammatory properties of a peptide derived from interleukin-4

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a potent antiinflammatory cytokine. However its use in the clinic is hampered by side effects. We here describe the identification of a novel synthetic peptide, termed Ph8, derived from α-helix C of IL-4, which interacts with IL-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα). Employing various cultured genetically engineered cell lines and primary lymphocytes, surface plasmon resonance, qPCR, ELISA

Transcription factor AP-4 is a ligand for immunoglobulin-κ promoter E-box elements

Immunoglobulin (Ig)-κ promoters from humans and mice share conserved sequences. The octamer element is common to all Ig promoters and pivotal for their function. However, other conserved sequence motifs, that differ between lg variable gene families, are required for normal promoter function. These conserved motifs do not stimulate transcription in the absence of an octamer. One example is an E-bo

Exclusive electroproduction of \phi mesons at 4.2 GeV

We studied the exclusive reaction e→pe′p′φ using the →φK+K− decay mode. The data were collected using a 4.2 GeV incident electron beam and the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. Our experiment covers the range in Q2 from 0.7 to 2.2 GeV2, and W from 2.0 to 2.6 GeV. Taken together with all previous data, we find a consistent picture of φ

Climate mitigation comparison of woody biomass systems with the inclusion of land-use in the reference fossil system

While issues of land-use have been considered in many direct analyses of biomass systems, little attention has heretofore been paid to land-use in reference fossil systems. Here we address this limitation by comparing forest biomass systems to reference fossil systems with explicit consideration of land-use in both systems. We estimate and compare the time profiles of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissio

A systems biology approach to investigate the effect of pH-induced gene regulation on solvent production by Clostridium acetobutylicum in continuous culture

Background: Clostridium acetobutylicum is an anaerobic bacterium which is known for its solvent-producing capabilities, namely regarding the bulk chemicals acetone and butanol, the latter being a highly efficient biofuel. For butanol production by C. acetobutylicum to be optimized and exploited on an industrial scale, the effect of pH-induced gene regulation on solvent production by C. acetobutyli

Time dynamics and radiative forcing of forest bioenergy systems

In this chapter we explore the temporal dynamics of using forest bioenergy to mitigate climate change. We consider such issues as: growth dynamics of forests under different management regimes; the substitution effects of different bioenergy and biomaterial uses; temporary carbon storage in harvested biomass; the availability of different biomass fractions at different points of a wood product lif

Climate change effects of forestry and substitution of carbon-intensive materials and fossil fuels

We estimate the climate effects of directing forest management in Sweden towards increased carbon storage in forests with more land set-aside for protection, or towards increased forest production for the substitution of carbon-intensive materials and fossil fuels, relative to a reference case of current forest management. We develop various scenarios of forest management and biomass use to estima

Label-free neuroblastoma cell separation from hematopoietic progenitor cell products using acoustophoresis - towards cell processing of complex biological samples

Processing of complex cell preparations such as blood and peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) transplants using label-free technologies is challenging. Transplant-contaminating neuroblastoma cells (NBCs) can contribute to relapse, and we therefore aimed to provide proof-of-principle evidence that label-free acoustophoretic separation can be applied for diagnostic NBC enrichment and removal ("p