Background: Imbalances in the gut microbial community (dysbiosis) of vertebrates have been associated with several gastrointestinal and autoimmune diseases. However, it is unclear which taxa are associated with gut dysbiosis, and if particular gut regions or specific time periods during ontogeny are more susceptible. We also know very little of this process in non-model organisms, despite an incre

INTRODUCTION: Using Swedish nationwide registry data, we investigated the contribution of genetic and environmental risk factors to the etiology of smoking status across stages of pregnancy with increasing degrees of social and psychological pressure to reduce or quit smoking, by twin and sibling modeling. AIMS AND METHODS: Smoking status was available before, and during early and late pregnancy f

Climate change and increased urban population are two major concerns for society. Moving towards more sustainable energy solutions in the urban context by integrating renewable energy technologies supports decarbonizing the energy sector and climate change mitigation. A successful transition also needs adequate consideration of climate change including extreme events to ensure the reliable perform

Background: Lanolin is often included when patch testing for common contact allergens. The clinical relevance of a positive patch test reaction to lanolin markers is, however, still a subject for debate. Objectives: To evaluate Amerchol L101 as a marker of lanolin allergy and investigate the clinical impact of lanolin-containing moisturizers on healthy and damaged skin using the repeated open appl

The number of policies that address the various life cycle environmental impacts of products are increasing, especially in Europe. With the rise of the Circular Economy (CE) concept, the traditional product policies have been supported by new ones that pursue new policy objectives such as increasing product lifetimes and encourage more repairs. In this contribution we discuss principles for improv

In this article we elaborate on the process of institutionalization in the Higher Education performance evaluation ecosystem. We argue, we can observe a shift in how research evaluation functions, namely, from the contribution to knowledge to that of the societal influence of research. Such an axiological shift in evaluation goes to the very core of academic scholarship, as the commoditised neolib

Two-photon excitation laser induced fluorescence (2p-LIF) is used here for imaging through an optically dense spray system. The main advantage of the approach is that a low level of unwanted fluorescence signal originating from multiple-light scattering is generated. This leads to high visibility and image contrast even through scattering media, thus providing faithful descriptions of the imaged f

Background: Despite the mutual benefit of the industry-academia partnership, the level of joint work is still low. For this reason, the interest in connecting research and practice has increased recently in the academic community. Objective: This research aims to design and apply approaches to improve the knowledge exchange between academic researchers and software engineering practitioners. Metho

In 2009, the Swedish government launched a nationwide dissemination and implementation project regarding substance abuse treatment, Knowledge to Practice (KTP), which was commissioned by the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare (SoS). Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a national project to disseminate and implement evidence-based assessment instruments and treatment met

Most stomatopod crustaceans have complex retinas in their compound eyes, with up to 16 spectral types of photoreceptors, but members of the superfamily Squilloidea have much simpler retinas, thought to contain a single photoreceptor spectral class. In the Atlantic stomatopod Squilla empusa, microspectrophotometry shows that all photoreceptors absorb light maximally at 517 nm, indicating that a sin

INTRODUCTION: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by the destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells resulting in total loss of insulin production. Recent studies have suggested that the destruction may be interrelated to plasma lipids.OBJECTIVES: Specific lipids have previously been shown to be decreased in children who develop T1D before four years of age. Disturbances of plasma lipids prior to clini

Background: Most literature on second primary cancers (SPCs) focuses on possible factors, which may increase the risk of these cancers, and little attention has been paid for the overall incidence differences between first primary cancers (FPCs) and same SPCs. We wanted to compare the incidence rates for all common cancers when these were diagnosed as FPCs and SPCs after invasive and in situ squam

The existing information supports the use of this material as described in this safety assessment. 2-Methylpropyl pentanoate was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, and environmental safety. Data from read-across analog ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (CAS # 7452-79-1) show that 2-methyl

Summary: The existing information supports the use of this material as described in this safety assessment. 3,7-Dimethyl-3,6-octadienal was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, developmental and reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, and environmental safety. Data from read-across analog citral (CAS # 5392-40-5) show

In the eyeblink conditioning paradigm, cerebellar Purkinje cells learn to respond to the conditional stimulus with an adaptively timed pause in its spontaneous firing. Evidence suggests that the pause is elicited by glutamate released from parallel fibers and acting on metabotropic receptors (mGluR7) which initiates a delayed-onset suppression of firing. We suggested that G protein activation of h

The subject of the analysis is constitutional judiciary in Azerbaijan. A thesis is put forward that it played a significant role in preserving the divided power and realizing the constitutional rights and freedoms of an individual.

Background: Every year, many infants are infected with the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or other agents and need hospitalisation due to bronchiolitis. The disease causes much suffering and high costs. Thus, it is important that the treatment methods are both effective and cost-efficient. The use of different physiotherapy treatment methods is debated, and not all methods are evaluated scienti

The presentation and identification of cardiovascular disease in women pose unique diagnostic challenges compared to men, and underrecognized conditions in this patient population may lead to clinical mismanagement. This article reviews the sex differences in cardiovascular disease, explores the diagnostic and prognostic role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in the spectrum of cardiovasc