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Another look at the exact bit error probability for Viterbi decoding of convolutional codes

In 1995, Best et al. published a formula for the exact bit error probability for Viterbi decoding of the rate R=1/2, memory m=1 (2-state) convolutional encoder with generator matrix G(D)=(1 1+D) when used to communicate over the binary symmetric channel. Their method was later extended to the rate R=1/2, memory m=2 (4-state) generator matrix G(D)=(1+D^2 1+D+D^2) by Lentmaier et al. In this paper,

Ca-Pd/Pt-Ge Compounds on the Zintl Border

Zintl compounds form a category in intermetallic chemistry somewhere between metallic and ionic compounds. Classical Zintl compounds form between electropositive and electronegative elements, such as the alkaline earth metals and the p-block elements, i.e. elements with a relatively large electronegativity difference. The concept is based on the idea of a complete charge transfer from the electro

Rethinking User Involvement in the Front End of Healthcare Innovation

The purpose of this paper is to share insights from an empirical study within the Swedish healthcare system, based on a case study of the largest business unit of a Swedish medical technology company and its key customer segment. The study involving a Swedish medical technology company and three Swedish hospitals indicates need to move away from an archetypical, largely homogeneous view of the use