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80-year-old men have elevated plasma concentrations of catecholamines but decreased plasma renin activity and aldosterone as compared to young men

Plasma concentrations of adrenaline, noradrenaline, aldosterone and plasma renin activity were determined in a selected group of 80-year-old men (N = 41) in good health without clinical signs of cardiovascular disease, and were compared to levels in young healthy males (N = 20, 24-28 years). Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations were higher (0.24 median; 25th-75th percentiles 0.16-0.3

Body composition and dietary habits in 80-year-old smoking men without cardiovascular disease

Eighty-year-old male residents in the community of Malmö were questioned about smoking habits and the occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Of 1,280 subjects, 122 were selected for further studies and allocated into 4 groups: 1) no CVD, non-smokers; 2) no CVD, smokers; 3) CVD, smokers; and 4) CVD, non-smokers. The smokers had consumed on the average 13 g of tobacco daily for 59 years. Lean b

No improvement in injection frequency or in visual outcome over time in two cohorts of patients from the same swedish county treated for wet age-related macular degeneration

Background: Although ranibizumab has been used for the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) since 2007, real-world studies still report undertreatment resulting in a less favorable visual outcome. In this study, two different time cohorts of patients treated with ranibizumab for wet AMD in routine care were analyzed to observe whether there was a change over time regarding visua

Human fibroblasts lacking trans-stilbene oxide active glutathione transferase exhibit increased cell death when exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Glutathione transferases (GST) are detoxifying enzymes who act with many endogenous and exogenous substances such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The GST activity towards trans-stilbene oxide (GST-tSBO) is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion and can be separated in high (GST-positive) and low (GST-negative) phenotypes when measured in blood. Human fibroblast cultures were establi

Interactions between cultured bovine arterial endothelial and smooth muscle cells : effects of injury on the release of growth stimulating and growth inhibiting substances

Dimethylsulfoxide-soluble particles (DSP) from cigarette smoke and ultraviolet light caused a low degree (cell death less than 30%) and high degree (cell death 60-90%) injury to bovine arterial endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in culture. Conditioned medium from low degree injured endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells generally inhibited DNA synthesis in new smooth muscle cells or end

Interactions between cultured bovine arterial endothelial and smooth muscle cells; studies on the release of prostacyclin by endothelial cells

The release of prostacyclin by endothelial cells (EC) in culture was studied after exposure to two toxic stimuli (UV light or dimethylsulfoxide-soluble smoke particles (DSP)) or to medium conditioned by smooth muscle cells (SMC), basically or after injury to the SMC. An activity stimulating the release of prostacyclin was found together with growth inhibiting activity from arterial SMC, but dissoc

Increased smooth muscle cell proliferation by dimethylbenzanthracene is correlated to variations in activity of ornithine decarboxylase but not arylhydrocarbonhydroxylase

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of cigarette smoke have been suggested to be involved in atherogenesis. After being converted to epoxides by monooxidases in the arterial wall the hydrocarbons may exert toxic or mutagenic effects on the smooth muscle cells (SMC). In a previous study we found that dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA), an inducer of arylhydrocarbonhydroxylase (AHH), increased SMC prolifera

Eighty-year-old men without cardiovascular disease in the community of Malmö. Part I. Social and medical factors, with special reference to the lipoprotein pattern

A total of 1280 80-year-old men were invited to a medical examination to study common risk indicators for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the elderly. From the pool of 811 responders (63.3%), all 122 individuals who fulfilled our inclusion criteria were assigned to one of four groups: (1) no CVD, non-smokers; (2) no CVD, smokers; (3) CVD, smokers; (4) CVD, non-smokers. A telephone interview with 7

Eighty-year-old men without cardiovascular disease in the community of Malmö. Part II. Smoking characteristics and ultrasound findings, with special reference to glutathione transferase and pyridoxal-5-phosphate

A total of 1280 80-year-old men in the community of Malmö were questioned about smoking habits and the occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). After a careful medical and duplex ultrasound examination, four groups were selected for further studies: (1) no CVD, non-smokers: (2) no CVD, smokers: (3) CVD, smokers: (4) CVD, non-smokers. In total 122 individuals participated. The average tobacco co

Lack of glutathione transferase activity in intermittent claudication

Glutathione transferase activity towards trans-stilbene oxide (GT-tSBO), an enzyme involved in the detoxification of many substances such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, was studied in 77 consecutive patients operated with coronary bypass, 73 patients with intermittent claudication, 78 healthy smokers and in 38 healthy non-smokers. The mean ages of these groups were similar. Lack of GT-tSBO w

Generating ActiGraph Counts from Raw Acceleration Recorded by an Alternative Monitor

PURPOSE: To implement an aggregation method in Matlab for generating ActiGraph counts from raw acceleration recorded with an alternative accelerometer device and to investigate the validity of the method. METHODS: The aggregation method including the frequency band-pass filter was implemented and optimized based on standardized sinusoidal acceleration signals generated in Matlab and processed in t

Effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on proliferation, collagen secretion and viability of arterial smooth muscle cells in culture

Previous reports have suggested a role for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the effects of benzpyren (BP) and dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) on the arterial smooth muscle cell (SMC) in culture were studied. DMBA increased the proliferation of bovine and rabbit SMC but not of human embryonal fibroblasts or human SMC. BP did not significantly influen

Early metabolic markers identify potential targets for the prevention of type 2 diabetes

Aims/hypothesis: The aims of this study were to evaluate systematically the predictive power of comprehensive metabolomics profiles in predicting the future risk of type 2 diabetes, and to identify a panel of the most predictive metabolic markers. Methods: We applied an unbiased systems medicine approach to mine metabolite combinations that provide added value in predicting the future incidence of

Completion dissection or observation for sentinel-node metastasis in melanoma

BACKGROUND Sentinel-lymph-node biopsy is associated with increased melanoma-specific survival (i.e., survival until death from melanoma) among patients with node-positive intermediatethickness melanomas (1.2 to 3.5 mm). The value of completion lymph-node dissection for patients with sentinel-node metastases is not clear. METHODS In an international trial, we randomly assigned patients with sentine

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and its role in the enteric nervous system

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone orchestrate the reproduction cycle and regulate the sex steroid secretion from the gonads. In mammals, GnRH1 is secreted as a hormone from the hypothalamus, whereas both GnRH1 and GnRH2 are present as neurotransmitters/peptides in various tissues, where the peptides exert many different effects. mRNA codin

Gendering of day center occupations as perceived by people with psychiatric disabilities in Sweden

Background: The aim was to explore the experiences and views of people attending day centers for people with psychiatric disabilities concerning the occurrence and nature of gendering of the occupations performed there. Methods: Twenty-five day center attendees were interviewed regarding occupational choices at the day centers, whether they would describe day center occupations as gendered, and if

Negative anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody at switch to maintenance therapy is associated with a reduced risk of relapse

Background: Relapse of disease is frequent in anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). It is unclear whether persistent ANCA when starting maintenance therapy increases the risk of relapse. We examined the association between ANCA status and relapse in two randomised controlled trials. Methods: ANCA-positive patients in two trials, CYCLOPS and IMPROVE, were switched f

Recommendations for cerebrospinal fluid collection for the analysis by ELISA of neurogranin trunc P75, α-synuclein, and total tau in combination with Aβ(1-42)/Aβ(1-40)

Background: The pathophysiology of neurodegeneration is complex. Its diagnosis requires an early identification of sequential changes in several hallmarks in the brains of affected subjects. The presence of brain pathology can be visualized in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by protein profiling. It is clear that the field of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) will benefit from an integration of algorithms in

Increased cardiovascular mortality in people with schizophrenia : a 24-year national register study

Aims: People who have schizophrenia die earlier from somatic diseases than do people in the general population, but information about cardiovascular deaths in people who have schizophrenia is limited. We analysed mortality in all age groups of people with schizophrenia by specific cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), focusing on five CVD diagnoses: coronary heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, c