The identification of the BTK(Bruton's tyrosine kinase) gene defective in human immunoglobulin deficiency X-Iinked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) and characterisation of BTK exon-intron boundaries has now allowed the analysis of mutations and polymorphisms at the level of genomic DNA, Using Southern blot analysis and the polymerase chain reaction single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) assay

Reaction of the new polydentate ligand 2,6-bis{3-[N,N-di(2-pyridylmethyl)amino]propoxy}benzoic acid (LH) with Fe(ClO4)3 followed by addition of chloroacetic acid leads to the formation of the tetranuclear complex [{Fe2OL(ClCH2- CO2)2}2](ClO4)4, the crystal structure of which reveals that it consists of two FeII2(µ-O)(µ-RCO2)2 cores that are linked via the two L ligands in a helical structure, with

In an attempt to define clinically relevant models of akinesia and dyskinesia in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats, we have examined the effects of drugs with high (L-DOPA) vs. low (bromocriptine) dyskinesiogenic potential in Parkinson's disease on three types of motor performance, namely: (i) abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) (ii) rotational behaviour, and (iii) spontaneous forelimb us

Voles of the genus Microtus represent one of the most speciose mammalian genera in the Holarctic. We established a molecular phylogeny for Microtus to resolve contentious issues of systematic relationships and evolutionary history in this genus. A total of 81 specimens representing ten Microtus species endemic to Europe as well as eight Eurasian, six Asian and one Holarctic species were sequenced

Object. Cerebral pressure autoregulation is an important neuroprotective mechanism that stabilizes cerebral blood flow when blood pressure (BP) changes In this study the authors examined the association between autoregulation and clinical factors. BR. intracranial pressure (ICP), brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO(2)), and outcome after pediatric severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). In particular w

Lectotypes are designated for 174 names of taxa described based on material from the Swedish province of Dalarna and accepted to belong to Hieracium sect. Hieracium, sect. Bifida and sect. Vulgata. The taxonomic and nomenclatural implications, i.e. taxonomic synonyms and infraspecific taxa not worthy of taxonomic recognition, of the lectotypifications are discussed. Three new combinations, H. mund

We have analyzed the development of aortic and coronary atherosclerosis over 40 years in native and non-native males of Yakutsk by comparing the data obtained in 1963-1965, 1985-1987 and 2001-2003. The research was carried out in compliance with the WHO program for the atherosclerosis epidemiology studies using autopsy material. Subjects (361 natives and 692 non-natives) included in the research d

The distribution of peptide-containing nerve fibers in the pharyngeal region of rabbits was studied by immunocytochemistry. Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-containing fibers were numerous around blood vessels and moderate in number among bundles of striated muscle fibers. A few NPY-containing fibers were seen around seromucous glands and beneath the epithelium. Nerve fibers containing vasoactive intestinal p

Aim: To explore the prevalence of atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes and to identify possible mechanisms for the development of atrial fibrillation. Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the primary health care in Skara, Sweden, and 1739 subjects (798 men, 941 women) were surveyed. Patients were categorized as those wit

Purpose. When performing perimetry, refracting subjects with central visual field loss, and in emmetropization studies, it is important to accurately measure peripheral refractive errors. Traditional methods for foveal refraction often give uncertain results in eccentric angles as a result of the large aberrations and the reduced retinal function. The aim of this study is therefore to compare and

To minimize radiation damage, crystal structures of biological macromolecules are usually determined after rapid cooling to cryogenic temperatures, some 150-200 K below the normal physiological range, The biological relevance of such structures relies on the assumption that flash-cooling is sufficiently fast to kinetically trap the macromolecule and associated solvent in a room-temperature equilib

The involvement of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene in uterine corpus cancer was investigated by single-stranded conformation polymorphism and sequence analysis of its exons 4 to 10. Mutations were found in 12 (18.5%) of 65 cases. Ten of these 12 were single-base substitutions (8 missense and 2 nonsense mutations), whereas 2 were frame-shifting mutations. TP53 gene mutations correlated significantly

Developmental plasticity of spectral processing in vertebrates was investigated in fish by using an innate behavior, the optomotor response. Rearing blue acara (Aequidens pulcher; Cichlidae) under white lights of different intensities as well as deprivation of long wavelengths induced significant changes in the animals' responses to chromatic stimuli. Deprivation of short wavelengths had no effect

In this paper we describe how the contention-based medium access mechanism of 802.11e, EDCA, can be enhanced in order to allow stations to reserve medium access for their real-time applications with QoS requirements. We present our proposed scheme, which is called EDCA with resource reservation (EDCA/RR), and describe how it can be extended in order to be used in wireless multi-hop networks. EDCA/

Interactions between transmembrane helices play a key role in almost all cellular processes involving membrane proteins. We have investigated helix-helix interactions in lipid bilayers with synthetic tryptophan-flanked peptides that mimic the membrane spanning parts of membrane proteins. The peptides were functionalized with pyrene to allow the self-association of the helices to be monitored by py

Introduction Night nurses carry overall nursing responsibility for approximately half the time that patients spend in hospital. However, there is a paucity of literature that focuses on nursing care provided at night. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate nursing care provided at night from the perspective of both nurses and patients. Methods The study, which had an evaluative and a comparativ

A parasite's shift to a new host may have serious evolutionary consequences, since host switching usually is associated with a change in virulence and may lead to the evolution of emerging diseases. This phenomenon remains insufficiently studied in wildlife. Here, we combine microscopic examination of blood films and PCR-based methods to investigate the natural host specificity of Haemoproteus and

BACKGROUND. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a prostate carcinoma screening program in which serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels were measured. METHODS. From a group of 20,000 men born between January 1, 1930, and December 31, 1944, 10,000 men were randomized into a screening group and 10,000 were randomized into a control group. Patients in the screen

One of the most effective catalysts for the selective oxidation of propane to acrylic acid (AA) and ammoxidation to acrylonitrile (AN) is the MoV(Nb,Ta)(Te,Sb)O system, comprised of two phases, with M1 the major catalyst and M2 the co-catalyst in symbiosis with M1, converting intermediately formed propylene to the respective desired end products. An improvement in either phase should enhance the o