In this paper we revisit the contentious issue of whether corporate governance arrangements influence corporate cash holdings. We use the exogenous cash windfalls in the oil industry during the 2000s to test the power of three governance dimensions (managerial entrenchment, board independence and ownership) in explaining differences in cash management policies. Between 2000 and 2008 the oil price

The active tailbiting segment distance for convolutional codes is introduced. Together with the earlier defined active burst distance, it describes the error correcting capability of a tailbiting code encoded by a convolutional encoder. Lower bounds on the new active distance as well as an upper bound on the ratio between tailbiting length and memory of the encoder such that its minimum

The purpose of the Gramte program is to meet the needs of university students who feel that they are not mastering the grammatical terminology needed for studying linguistics or foreign languages. In all learning contexts it is important to have the adequate background knowledge. This is even more crucial when it concerns the basic concepts and terminology which will be used by the teachers during

Popular Abstract in English These days we hear a lot about sustainability and most of us try to live in a more sustainable way. We use less water and energy, we sort our household waste and we prefer to consume products that are produced with less negative human impact. However, when it comes to our own excreta we definitely think of it as waste. And we are glad enough that wastewater treatment syEutrophication or the nutrient enrichment of water bodies, typically by nitrogen and phosphorus has adversely affected the aquatic life and the quality of water. Governments have been forced to take actions in order to reduce the release of these nutrients into the environment. To date the main global effort has been to remove such nutrients at source. However, with an increase in awareness of the

Industry and society want to recruit students who can work in team-based projects. Thus the task for educators in higher education is to prepare and provide such learning environments. However, assessment is one major challenge associated with enacting these learning environments. The literature advocates active team learning but then supports individual assessment modes. The purpose of this paper

The time development of neck formation in ductile elastic-plastic bars is analyzed numerically in order to obtain a qualitative description of the features of dynamic neck localization under impact conditions. The full time history is visualized using contour plots of the time development of a strain rate parameter. Both axisymmetric and planar bars are studied. Several types of neck development a

Phosphatidylinositol(4,5)bisphosphate, [PtdIns(4,5)P2], is a signalling lipid which is involved in many important processes in animal cells such as cytoskeleton organization, intracellular vesicular trafficking, secretion, cell motility, regulation of ion channels, and nuclear signalling pathways. In contrast to the animal field, much less is known about the roles of PtdIns(4,5)P2 and its synthesi