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Solvers’ participation is essential for successful implementation of crowdsourcing contests for problem solving (CCPS). Many efforts have been made to investigate solvers’ various participation behaviours in CCPS. Whether or not a solver will conduct a behaviour is the result of decision making. However, to our knowledge, few studies concentrated on solvers’ participation from a decision process p

Objectives The aim of this study was to analyse associations between crowded housing and children’s indoor living environment, respiratory and allergic disorders and general health. Design A cross-sectional study. Setting Sweden, using data from the Swedish National Environmental Health Survey 2019. Participants The study sample included 48 512 children (aged 6–10 months, 4 years and 12 years). We

Developing standardized bioengineered constructs that accurately replicate human skin is a largely sought-after goal. Pathways initiated at the nurturing interface with the dermal compartment have the potential to modulate the developing epidermal architecture. Here, we identified ascorbic acid, a dermis-donated metabolite, as key in modulating the phenotypical identity of immortalized keratinocyt

Time- or frequency-dependent (“restricted”) diffusion potentially provides useful information about cellular-scale structures in the brain but is challenging to interpret because of intravoxel tissue heterogeneity. Multidimensional diffusion–relaxation correlation MRI with tensor-valued diffusion encoding enables characterization of intravoxel heterogeneity in terms of nonparametric distributions

single-channel video. 6 min 30 secOften focusing on stories of the supernatural, the transcendent, and the psychedelic, Joachim Koester’s deeply researched work explores the real and imagined limits ofthe human body and mind. Through documentary films, photographic series, and books, he reintroduces repressed histories into the collective memory.Tarantism is a condition resulting from the bite of

The Hunga Tonga eruption on 15 January 2022 (HT-22) induced vigorous volcano–sea interaction. Here we study the stratospheric aerosol and water vapor resulting from the eruption using satellite-based instruments: the CALIOP lidar and the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). We investigate the stratospheric relative humidity following the record-breaking water vapor injections from the HT-22 eruption and

This study examines farmers' willingness to sell straw for energy and material applications in Scania, Sweden. Using interviews and surveys, we tested three empirical consequences derived from the premise that missing data on farmers' willingness to sell straw for energy may misrepresent the biomass supply in potential assessments. Findings reveal willingness to sell straw depends on end use, with

Forest wind damage models are typically based on the assumption that windstorm damage results from the interaction between horizontal wind forces and forest stand properties. In complex terrain, mountain waves caused by stably stratified air flowing over mountains can generate standing waves and severe downslope windstorms on the leeward side. Using the windstorm of 19 November 2021 in a mountain

Turning sustainable is one of the largest challenges facing the aviation sector. Switching to sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) instead of fossil fuels is a large piece of the sustainability puzzle, but there is no current SAF that is approved as a stand alone fuel. The road to a stand alone SAF is long and requires more diverse biofuels as well as more research on how biofuels combust. This thesis

BackgroundDepression in older adults poses significant health challenges, yet the protective role of positive affect remains understudied. This research examined the complex network of positive affect and depression in older adults using advanced network analysis techniques to identify potential targets for intervention.MethodsBayesian Gaussian Graphical Models and Directed Acyclic Graph modelling

Background There is limited knowledge on whether prior knee surgery impacts the clinical profile and treatment outcomes for individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Objectives The study aimed to (i) compare individual and clinical characteristics, and (ii) evaluate whether outcomes of first-line treatment differ between individuals with prior knee surgery and those without. Methods This study us

BackgroundObsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) often emerge during childhood and adolescence, and two aetiological models have been proposed. According to the first model, maladaptive cognitive beliefs facilitate the transformation of transient intrusive thoughts into OCS. The second model suggests that dysfunctional cognitive beliefs develop in response to increased levels of OCS. Few studies have

Medical, neurological, and substance use disorders constitute a major disease burden worldwide, but especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where more than 80% of affected persons are unable to receive evidence-supported treatments despite these being widely available in theory. This persistent mental health treatment gap in LMICs is traceable to the very nature of such nations: low

Global health is a multidisciplinary field focused on improving health and achieving equity in health for all people worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic left a profound and lasting impact on global mental health, triggering a surge in anxiety, depression, and stress-related disorders across all age groups and regions. As the world transitions into the post-COVID period, mental health has emerged as a

This paper reflects on the challenges and opportunities of academic freedom monitoring from an advocacy perspective. Based on the review of two existing academic freedom indexes and the author's experience building scientific freedom indicators, the paper discusses three challenges: conceptual, methodological, and political. The conceptual challenges are of four kinds: undertheorization, complexit

Excited states in the proton drip line nucleus 61Ga were populated via the fusion-evaporation reaction 24Mg(40Ca,p2n)61Ga. The experimental setup at Argonne National Laboratory comprised a novel combination of the Gammasphere array with two CD-shaped double-sided Si-strip detectors inside the Microball CsI(Tl) charged-particle detection array, as well as the Neutron-Shell liquid scintillators and

BACKGROUND: GP recruitment and retention difficulties challenge the traditional general practice model. Task-shifting and relieving GPs from financial risk have been suggested to make primary care more attractive. In Sweden's multiprofessional team-based primary care system, GPs usually work as salaried employees and there is extensive task-shifting. Salaried employment facilitates mobility, poten

Iron (Fe) concentrations are increasing in lakes on a wide geographical scale, contributing to recent browning of lake waters. As available time series on lake-water Fe concentrations are relatively short, covering the past few decades only, varved lake sediments may provide extended and precisely dated records to study temporal Fe dynamics in lakes in response to environmental drivers, such as ch

The mental health of the health workforce has been receiving more attention, especially since the pandemic. Levels of burnout, moral injury, and mental disorders, including suicide, among physicians are cause for concern. Healthcare leadership in workplaces plays a crucial role in addressing this important issue, which is also related to the ability to attract and retain physicians. This chapter p