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Köp av sexuella tjänster har sedan 1999 varit förbjudet i Sverige. I samband med att förbudet skulle införas föreslogs att både köp och försäljning av sexuella tjänster skulle förbjudas, men efter omfattande kritik var det enbart köp som slutligen kriminaliserades. Kritiken grundades till stor del på att säljaren ofta utnyttjades av köparen och befann sig i en utsatt position vid sexköp. År 2018 Purchase of sexual services has been illegal in Sweden since 1999. Prior to the criminalization, it was suggested that both purchase and sale of sexual services should be criminalized, but after extensive criticism, only purchase was ultimately made illegal. The criticism was largely based on the fact that the seller often was exploited by the buyer and in a vulnerable position during purchase of

Den i folkrätten vedertagna definitionen av jus cogens är att normerna är universella och tvingande med syfte att skydda vissa grundläggande värderingar. Det pågår emellertid en diskussion i den folkrättsliga doktrinen kring huruvida normer av sådan karaktär kan existera även i en uteslutande regional kontext, och rättighets- och skyldighetskatalogen i Europeiska konventionen om skydd för de mänskJus cogens, as established by international law, is defined as universal and peremptory norms with the objective of protecting certain fundamental values. There is, however, an ongoing debate in the international legal discourse as to whether norms of peremptory nature can exist in an exclusively regional context, and the rights and obligations in the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) hav

I denna avhandling undersöker vi möjligheten att använda Siamesiska Neurala Nätverk för att detektera röstförändringar bland patienter som lider av återkommande stämbandscancer. I samarbete med VoiceDiagnostic Sweden AB och läkare vid Lunds Universitetssjukhus konstruerades modeller för att mäta avstånd mellan olika röstinspelningar, samt avstånd mellan mindre segment av röstinspelningar. De resulIn this thesis, we investigate the possibility of using Siamese Neural Networks to detect voice changes in the voices of patients su↵ering from a recurrence of their vocal cord cancer. In collaboration with VoiceDiagnostic Sweden AB and physicians at Lunds’s University Hospital, models were trained on audio features in order to learn distance measures between recordings, and segments of recordings

This thesis aims to bring a greater understanding of the normalization of right-wing populism by analysing the immigration discourse of Donald Trump and the way he speaks about building the Wall against Mexico. In this study, three different transcripts of his speeches are analysed with a critical discourse theory and the right- wing theoretical framework of Ruth Wodak. These methodological and th

Uppsatsen behandlar tillämpningen av principen om tvivelsmålets fördel i den svenska migrationsrätten. Den innehåller även ett komparativt element då den ämnar jämföra den svenska appliceringen av principen med den som används i Storbritannien. Uppsatsen inleds med ett introducerande kapitel där det svenska migrationsrättsliga systemet i allmänhet beskrivs kortfattat. Efter det förs en diskussion This essay examines the application of the principle of the benefit of the doubt in asylum law. The primary focus is on the Swedish application of the principle of the benefit of the doubt. It also has a comparative element as it compares how Sweden apply the principle of the benefit of the doubt with the application within the United Kingdom. The essay starts with an introduction to the Swedish a

Det nuvarande substantiella testet i EUs regim för koncentrationskontroll infördes år 2004 i syfte att täcka koncentrationer mellan företag som påtagligt skulle hämma den effektiva konkurrensen på marknaden utan att skapa eller förstärka en dominant position. Koncentrationer som ger upphov till sådana så kallade icke-samordnade effekter uppkommer typiskt sett på oligopolmarknader, varför den uppleThe existing substantive test in EU merger control was adopted in 2004 with the aim of covering concentrations between undertakings which would significantly impede effective competition in the market without creating or strengthening a dominant position. Concentrations giving rise to such so- called unilateral effects typically take place in oligopolistic markets, which is why the perceived gap i

The social dimension of sustainability has received increased attention in recent years as its importance for sustainable development in urban environments has been recognized. In urban regions, where land available for development is limited, municipalities may find themselves planning for areas situated within their municipality border and jurisdiction but that might be in proximity of, or direc

Digitaliseringen har i stor utsträckning revolutionerat sättet som företagen gör affärer på. Det finns inte längre samma behov av fysiska platser för affärsverksamheter eftersom teknologin har skapat virtuella platser där företag kan sälja både varor och tjänster utan att överhuvudtaget sätta en fot i jurisdiktionen. Emellertid har reglerna om fast driftställe alltsedan 1920-talet präglats av att The digitalisation has largely revolutionized the way companies do business. There is no longer the same need for physical locations for businesses for the reason that technology has created virtual locations where companies can sell both goods and services without even setting foot in the jurisdiction. However, the rules on permanent establishment have, ever since the 1920’s, been characterized b

Den svenska straffprocessen bygger på principen om fri bevisprövning, enligt vilken det inte ska finnas några rättsliga begränsningar av vilken bevisning som får läggas fram eller normer för hur denna ska värderas. Principen omfattar även bevisning som åtkommits på ett sätt som strider mot någon lag eller rättighet. Det finns dock situationer där användningen av sådan bevisning kränker rätten tillSwedish criminal procedure is based on the principle that there should be no legal limitations on the admissibility of evidence and no rules governing the evaluation of evidence. The principle equally covers evidence obtained illegally. There are, however, cases where the use of such evidence violates the right to a fair trial as guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights. For this reas

The aim of this paper is to discuss and explore how cultural ecosystem services are identified and valued within a Swedish municipal urban planning context, which services are specifically of interest and how the identification and valuation are used. The paper will analyze identification tools provided by public organizations and consultants. For this purpose, literature and research within the s

Användningen av DNA-släktforskningsdatabaser i brottsutredande syfte är en nyfunnen utredningsmetod för svensk brottsbekämpande verksamhet. Utredningsmetoden innebär att gärningsmän kan spåras genom jämförelser mellan DNA-spår från brottsplatser och uppgifter i kommersiella släktforskningsdatabaser. Metoden introducerades för första gången i Sverige år 2018 i samband med utredningen av ett av landThe use of genealogical databases in purposes of criminal investigation is a newfound method in Swedish law enforcement, meaning that a perpetrator can be traced and identified by searching the DNA profile found at a crime scene against DNA profiles in commercial genealogical databases. The method was introduced for the first time in Sweden in 2018, in connection with one of the country’s most com

This paper examines the state of public transportation in the swedish county of Scania during the Covid-19 pandemic. Through travel statistics from the agency that runs the county’s transit network (Skånetrafiken) it is concluded that travel numbers have decreased dramatically during the pandemic. Two employees at Skånetrafiken are interviewed and asked about what measures the agency has taken dur

Denna uppsats analyserar tryckeriverksamheten och utgivningen vid biskop Johannes Rudbeckius och domkapitlets tryckeri i Västerås under perioden 1621–1646. Uppsatsens syfte är att kartlägga tryckeriverksamheten utifrån parametrarna boktryckare, genre, tryckerimärken, format, papper, typsnitt och språk. Genom en bibliografisk analys av tryckproduktionen undersöks eventuella mönster i utgivningen. I

In 2014, Trelleborg municipality pointed out tät blandstad (the compact city) to be the main strategy for the city’s future development. This work addresses the common Swedish planning strategy, towards the compact city through densification strategies, with a focus on density and diversity and the relationship between them. This is done with a broad example of literature referring to quality of l

Because of climate change, rising sea levels in Kristianstad Municipality is more urgent than ever. Sea levels around Scania are estimated to rise more than 2,5 meters in 80 years considering that they are currently rising with 3,2 mm per year. This can lead to erosion and more frequent floods, which in turn can alter beach areas and nearby housing. Kristianstad has an excessive risk of being affe

This thesis focuses on the impact the COVID-19 pandemic has had on the public transportation network in the Scania region of Sweden during its first year, as well as conducting an informative discussion into how human behaviour has changed during the course of the pandemic and how the underlying effect of it relates to the research question. It poses passenger data collected from Skånetrafiken an

This study centered around the benefits and risks linked to waterfront development in relation to climate adaptation strategies in the Swedish municipality Ystad. In order to do this a variety of theories concerning climate adaptation, the benefits of coastal building and the risks of coastal building was used to create a comprehensive framework for the study as a whole. As for the methods, a docu

The Swedish government has a regional goal to become free of fossil fuel and to only use renewable energy sources in their energy production before the year 2040, they identify wind power as the main key to achieve their national wide goal. Wind farm planning however does not always produce a friction free development process and the question of who must live close to these wind farms arise. The a

Denna uppsats utreder kupongskattelagens reglering av missbruksarrangemang och problematiserar dess tillräcklighet utifrån de EU- rättsliga och skatteavtalsrättsliga krav som kan ställas på regleringens utformning. I nuläget används bulvanregeln i kupongskattelagen som ett sätt att hindra kringgående av kupongskatt. Finansdepartementet har emellertid i en nyligen publicerad promemoria föreslagit aThis essay examines the Swedish withholding tax regulation considering tax avoidance arrangements. It identifies potential issues connected to its sufficiency on the basis of requirements deriving from EU law and bilateral tax conventions. At present, an anti-abuse rule is set out in the Swedish Coupon Tax Act in order to prevent withholding tax evasion. However, the Ministry of Finance suggests h

This case study focuses on the municipality of Helsingborg and their planning process in Oceanhamnen to include young adults between 19-25 years. The results were analysed and compared with my empirical research and interviews from municipal officials. My empirical research is mainly based on public documents compiled by the municipality of Helsingborg. The documents I used as a starting point was