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Marine mammals occupy multiple trophic levels within the food webs of modern ecosystems, and secondarily aquatic reptiles played similar roles in the Mesozoic oceans. Odontocetes have conical teeth similar to those of Mesozoic marine reptiles, and thus could potentially be used to interpret the feeding ecology of the latter group. This study uses both discrete and continuous characters to determin

In a changing climate, rapid adaptation may be crucial for survival. Genetic diversity is the main source for evolutionary changes prevailing in populations. Intraspecific variation allows populations to adapt to environmental changes. Maintaining this variation is vital for biodiversity’s long-term conservation. Yet, genetic information is only incorporated in 17% of conservation plans in Europe

Long-distance bird migrants face three main constraints: time, energy, and predation risk during migration. As a result, their migratory strategies may be altered. Since migratory birds spend most of their time refueling during migration, they are particularly vulnerable to predation risk at stopover sites. The trade-off between energy intake and predation risk is widely acknowledged. However, the

Mikroorganismernas kapprustning Bakteriefager, virus som infekterar bakterier, är den vanligast förekommande organismen inom biosfären. I ett försök att ligga steget före, har bakterier utvecklat försvarsmekanismer för att undvika fagerinfektioner. Forskningsbevis visar på att en stor del av dessa mekanismer utgörs av toxin-antitoxinsystem. Här har det uttryckta toxinet förgiftande effekt på värd

This project is the culmination of my time as a design student in Lund, and heavily influenced by many years of experience and knowledge gained as a professional drone pilot The decision to work with drones for my bachelor project was an easy one. It was my last chance in this education to design something that I already had quite extensive knowledge about. Despite that, I learned alot an

Oxytocin i kampen mot Huntingtonssjukdom Huntingtonssjukdom (HS), även kallad danssjukan, är en obotlig sjukdom som successivt bryter ner nervsystemet. Sjukdomen orsakas av en förändring (mutation) i arvsmassan hos Huntington-genen, där vi får en förlängning av en kod som kallas för CAG-repetitioner. Huntington-genen bär vi alla på. Om man har en förälder som har Huntingtonssjukdom är det 50% ri

Potential drug to reduce bacterial survival Recently there has been an increase in common bacterial infections being tolerant to available antibiotics, thus leading to a possible health crisis. Bacteria has developed tolerance through a small molecule called ppGpp, which is highly produced during a stress response (e.g., antibiotics). This molecule is responsible for the shutdown of a variety of

Plants can benefit from the naturally occurring plant-microbe interactions in the rhizosphere. Understanding the mechanisms driving these beneficial interactions can improve plant development and resilience. Here, it was attempted to use a Synthetic Community (SynCom) to rescue the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana plants during iron deficiency stress. This stress is caused by the bio-un-availability

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of leading causes of death in the world; survivors commonly exhibit behavioural changes and neurocognitive defects in the long-term. Following TBI, rapid changes in the neurovascular unit (NVU) occur as the permeability of the blood brain barrier (BBB) increases and cerebral blood flow (CBF) becomes dysregulated. An integral component of the NVU are pericytes wh

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most common and deadliest form of blood cancer in adults, accounting for over 80% of acute leukemic diagnoses. Despite the introduction of new targeted therapies, survival rate remains low in adults, and new therapeutic approaches are needed. In a previous CRISPR screen performed by the Järås group, CALRETICULIN was identified as a regulator of human leuc

Am I selfish? - Toxin edition Many bacteria encode for toxin-antitoxin (TA) pairs. The toxin is a stable protein that targets essential bacterial components. The antitoxin is an easily-degraded antidote that protects cells from poisoning themselves. If cells lose the TA genes, they cannot produce more of either toxin or antitoxin. The unstable antitoxin is degraded fast, and the stable toxin is n

Genetic HINT to a gender reveal Reproduction is an essential process in order to ensure the survival and propagation of the species. Many processes of sexual and asexual reproduction are seen in nature. The sex of the progeny constitutes an essential factor in reaping the maximum benefits associated with the individual. In fields like poultry and dairy, knowledge on the sex-determination method c

Isolation of mycobacteriophages for tuberculosis treatment Tuberculosis (TB) is the second deadliest infectious disease after Covid-19. Due to the recent rise in antibiotic resistance, new avenues for TB treatment need to be explored. Bacteriophages are viruses that can infect bacteria and kill them. Mycobacteriophages consist of a phage head containing dsDNA and tail fibres that are used to atta

Alg som alg - eller? Grönalger är en mångfaldig grupp av primärproducenter som utgör bottennivån av de ekosystem som de är en del av. Dessa organismer binder kol med hjälp av solens energi - djurplankton äter upp grönalgerna - små fiskar äter djurplankton, och så vidare. Skulle något påverka populationen av grönalger riskerar denna påverkan att skapa en kaskadeffekt som påverkar varje steg i närThe unicellular green alga of genus Chlamydomonas are well studied within the fields of photosynthesis and flagellar research. Although many molecular tools have been developed for use on Chlamydomonas, little research has been done on its ecology and population dynamics. Species within the genus are morphologically indistinguishable using light microscopy and as such a molecular method is necessa

Neuroblastoma is pediatric cancer of the sympathetic nervous system which originates from the trunk neural crest cell population during embryonic development. Clinical representation of neuroblastoma ranges from a spontaneous regression to metastatic disease with only about 50% survival rate. Molecular events which turn normal development of sympathetic nervous system to tumorigenic has not been f

En bit i bröstcancerns mystiska mikromiljöpussel En stor del av cancerforskning fokuserar på att klargöra hur tumörers mikromiljö påverkar cancerns tillväxt och behandling av den. Cancer har kallats ”ett sår som aldrig läker”. I cancer finns en stor mängd av en specialiserad celltyp av fibroblaster som är central i just sårläkning. Vi har hittat två sådana fibroblaster i bröstcancer och visat att

Generation of cell model using stem cells and genome engineering to study lysosomal storage disorders Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a group of approximately 70 diseases and many cause childhood neurodegeneration. There is no treatment for neurological symptoms of LSDs due the complexity of nervous system and lack of accurate study models. Stem cells are a promising tool to be used for st

Inducing iron-dependent death to treat high-risk childhood cancer Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common pediatric extracranial solid tumor and one of the deadliest, accounting for 15% of pediatric cancer deaths. In Europe there are 10.5 cases per million, with the median age at diagnosis being 17 months. In some cases, tumors regress spontaneously but in others they relapse and become resistant t

Immunotherapy utilizes the patient’s own immune system for the treatment of cancer. Due to exceptional antigen-presentation capacity Dendritic Cells (DCs) have great potential for cancer immunotherapy. Using direct cellular reprogramming our group has identified a combination of transcription factors, PU.1, IRF8, and BATF3 that reprograms mouse and human fibroblasts and a range of cancer cell line