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The latest Cyrtograptus lundgreni graptolite Chron (Late Wenlock, middle Silurian) is characterized globally by the Mulde Event faunal extinctions and glacio-eustatic sea-level change. Only in the last decade has it been recognized as one of the most severe extinction events of the Silurian Period. A section spanning the Slite Group-Halla Formation boundary on the islet Ytterholmen off main Gotlan

A capacitive biosensor for the detection of bacterial endotoxin has been developed. Endotoxin-neutralizing protein derived from American horseshoe crab was immobilized to a self-assembled thiol layer on a biosensor transducer (Au). Upon injection of a sample containing endotoxin, a decrease in the observed capacitive signal was registered. Endotoxin could be determined under optimum conditions wit

A single hepatoma cell line was grown in vitro and incubated with L-2,4 diaminobutyric acid (DAB), a non-metabolizable amino acid, under various conditions. The tumour cells were irreversibly damaged by incubation for 8 hours with 8 mmol/L of DAB. The tumour cell-destroying effect of DAB was dose- and time-dependent with no effect at a DAB concentration of 1.6 mmol/L. The presence of N-methyl a-am

Abstract in Undetermined Numbers of soil bacteria stained with acridine orange (AO) or fluorescein diacetate (FDA) were studied for 3 and 2 yr respectively. Three pine forest sites were used and both organic and mineral soil layers were included. Different patterns of fluctuation in bacterial numbers were found each year. Significant correlations were demonstrated between AO-stained bacterial numb

Antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) were determined in Chinese blood donors from the city of Wuhan by a second generation ELISA screening test and a confirmatory recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA II). Two materials of 281 and 222 sera were sampled under similar conditions in 1989 and 1990, respectively. The first collection of sera was sent to Sweden in lyophilized form, the second directl

Objective: To study the association between maternal drug use in early pregnancy and orofacial cleft in the infant. Design: Register analysis based on prospectively collected information. Patients: All delivered women in Sweden July 1, 1995, through December 31, 2001. Main outcome measure: Presence of orofacial cleft in infant. Results: Prospective information on maternal drug use during the first

The potential contribution of vertebrate-mediated seed rain to the maintenance of plant community richness in a High Arctic ecosystem was investigated. We analysed viable seed content in dung of the four numerically most important terrestrial vertebrates in Northeast Greenland, viz. muskox (Ovibos moschatus), barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis), arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) and arctic hare (Lepus arc

Proper management and evaluation of environmental effects for coastal groundwater aquifers require accurate estimation of salt and fresh water movement. For this we compare two numerical methods to study saltwater intrusion. The two numerical methods are the CIP (constrained interpolation profile) and the MOC (method of characteristics). The two numerical methods are used to solve the salt transpo

[1] This study explored biotic and abiotic causes for spatio-temporal variation in soil respiration from surface litter, roots, and soil organic matter over one year at four rain forest sites with different vegetation structures and soil types in the eastern Amazon, Brazil. Estimated mean annual soil respiration varied between 13-17 t C ha(-1) yr(-1), which was partitioned into 0-2 t C ha(-1) yr(-

This article considers the establishment, purpose and conduct of knee arthroplasty registers using the Swedish register as an example. The methods of collection of appropriate data, the cost, and the ways in which this information may be used are considered.

The in-line ultrasound Doppler-based UVP-PD rheometry method was evaluated for non-invasive, real-time theological characterization of complex model- and industrial suspensions. The method is based on the combination of ultrasound velocity profile (UVP) and pressure drop (PD) measurements. Experiments were carried out in pressure driven, steady shear flow at different volumetric flow rates in a fl

Free-electron lasers will change the way we carry out time-resolved X-ray experiments. At present date, we use laser-produced plasma sources or synchrotron radiation. Laser-produced plasma sources have short pulses, but unfortunately large pulse-to-pulse fluctuations and large divergence. Synchrotron radiation from third generation source provide collimated and stable beams, but unfortunately long

Well deformed and superdeformed rotational structures in the second well of nuclei near doubly-magic Ni-56 were recently identified by means of heavy-ion fusion-evaporation reactions. Some of these bands were found to decay by prompt particle emission in competition to the expected decay via gamma radiation. Subsequently, dedicated experiments were performed to investigate this exotic decay mode i

Eggs of mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) were incubated in clutches arranged to stimulate embryos to hatch earlier or later than normal. This manipulation of hatching time was achieved by combining eggs of different age in the same clutch. To ensure hatching synchrony, embryos communicate with each other during the last stage of incubation, resulti

The right middle cerebral artery was permanently occluded in 12-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats. After the surgery the rats were subjected to repeated behavioural tests during the observation period. Fourteen weeks after surgery the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and the slow-twitch soleus muscle of both sides were removed and examined with regard to muscle fibre charact

The effect of postoperative housing conditions on functional outcome and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene expression was evaluated 1 month after a distal ligation of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Two days postoperatively the rats were randomized into four groups; individually housed with no equipment (deprived group), individually housed wi