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This essay examines the relationship between ESG and abnormal returns and its implications on investing. To investigate this topic, I allocate stocks into zero-investment portfolios based on high and low ESG, using three different weighting methods, equal weighting, value weighting and portfolio optimization. The portfolios are then evaluated using the CAPM as well as the Fama-French three-factor
The Green New Deal (GND) is an idea that has mobilised civil society in the United Kingdom (UK), leading to calls for a publicly led transformation of society away from fossil fuels. Despite the widespread support for a GND in the UK, government action at the national level remains stagnant. The recent burst of energy in local climate politics, with over 75% of local authorities in the UK declarin
Educational systems constantly shape and rebuild our lives. Faced with the urgency of climate change, the development of knowledge by students about the climate crisis and their own role in global systems is critically important to prepare them for their future lives as global citizens and decision makers. This calls for educational systems to take a more prominent position in educating educators
Embedded in a history of global colonial capitalism and the system’s crisis ridden tendencies and fixes for capital accumulation, extractivism increases globally. The intensive exploitation of resources is increasingly framed as compatible with and necessary to climate change mitigation for the possibility of a low-carbon future, opening new extractive frontiers through a path of ‘green’ extractiv
Education, as one of the most important issues in society, can be understood rather differently. How various governments construct education can have a major impact on the discourse and with that on the actual education. Through the German federal system, each federal state is in charge of their educational system. Different governments mean different parties with different objectives, which are a
Despite attention for lack of racial diversity in climate movements in the Global North, there is little examination of other manifestations of whiteness. This thesis examines how structural whiteness – as a norm and as a power structure – shapes the Dutch climate movement’s relation to climate justice and how these impacts can be countered. Understanding racial justice as central to climate justi
Marginalisation is present in youth education for sustainability. Reducing marginalisation in youth education for sustainability is crucial in the field of human ecology since it strives to understand environmental and social justice. This thesis explores the role of art in European youth education for sustainability and the potential of art to transform dominant Western industrial cultural assump
In the past decades, community renewable energy (CRE) has significantly contributed to the uptake of renewable technology to decarbonise Germany's electricity sector. Meanwhile, the primary source of household emissions – heating – is still highly dependent on fossil fuels, especially gas. With Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the decarbonisation of heating becomes an even mo
As new security threats arise within the borders Europe, with new methods of modern warfare that challenge previous notions of what constitutes regular warfare, one must adapt. The contemporary landscape of information technology has made it easier for antagonistic actors, such as Russia to employ information as a subversive tool to achieve political goals. Sweden has recently established an agenc
On the 24th of February 2022 Russia decided to invade its neighbour Ukraine. On this day Putin delivered a speech in which he described his thoughts and why he deemed it necessary to invade Ukraine. This speech he sought to legitimise the action taken by his regime. This was not the first time since the start of this millennium that Russia invaded a neighbour which in turn raised the question if t
This thesis examines Putin’s use of history in their Ukrainian narrative. Presidential addresses from 2021-2022 constitute the research material. Putin’s selectiveness in historical production is not a new phenomenon. In light of the current Ukraine invasion, it can even be considered reinforced. The study highlights this fact. It does so by utilising a framework of theories and tools collected fr
The purpose of this study is to investigate how the lack of resources within a large treatment care organization (SiS) can affect the healthcare assistants professional work with the target group. The main focus was to investigate the contributing factors that affected the lack of resources in terms of the service providers work with the target group. Our findings indicated that the level of the e
In this thesis I sought to study the doctrine of the just war within the context of the First Crusade. Utilising an aggregate theory consisting of just war theory, defensive realism, and poliheuristic decision-making, I operationalised my research questions in an idiographic case study scrutinising two transcriptions of a speech Pope Urban II made at Clermont in 1095. I found that the differing ac
The purpose of this study is to examine why the Russian security forces, or siloviki, supported the 2020 amendments to the Russian constitution, using Henry E. Hale’s patronal politics as a theoretical framework. Based on this theory, the study pro-poses a hypothetical motive to explain why the siloviki supported the amendments. To strengthen the case for this motive, a number of empirical indicat
In transitioning to a sustainable society and ensuring a growing bioeconomy, a National Forest Programme (NFP) has been adopted in Sweden. In order to meet the goals set out in the NFP, forest programs have been decentralized to regional authorities in which collaborative governance should be the guiding instrument. This thesis investigates the effectiveness of new forms of decentralization, throu
This Bachelor thesis will go into depth of how the rhetorical arguments used by the Bush administration led to the justification of war against Saddam Hussien’s regime in Iraq 2003. This will be accomplished through the application of normative theory and its dif erent types of instruments, used on Bush himself and one of his colleagues in the Bush Administration, Paul Wolfowitz, who had the key i
The purpose of the essay is to investigate the reasons for Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022 by adopting a defensive and offensive realist perspective. Hypothetical explanations for the invasion such as balancing of threats are operationalized based on offensive defense policy, geographical proximity and military capability, while expansion of power is interpreted as challenging the status
I denna studie utforskas hur Rysslands användning av militära medel i Ukraina kan förklaras. Studien genomför två analyser, en på individnivå med hjälp av Perception och Misperception teorin och den andra på systemnivå med utgångspunkten i strukturella realismen. På individnivå finner studien att Putin ser på västen i termer av ”vi” och ”dem” samtidigt som Putin ser interaktioner mellan Rysslan
